Motivation, Emotion, and Cognition : Integrative Perspectives On Intellectual Functioning and Development

tions. Without the crib sheet, subjects offered satisfactory explanations about 67% of the time but with the crib sheet 86%, a s ...

detecting thinking shortfalls and found correlations of about .8 for a ninth- grade sample and .6 for a fifth-grade sample. As t ...

Moreover, a disposition general in principle is likely to operate that way for some people. For example, as noted earlier, we v ...

lined conditions were more abilities-centered, because they did not ask the subject to detect but simply to explain a shortfall ...

Therefore, their list most likely represents subjects’ conceptual groupings rather than performance factors. It is not necessari ...

Clearly this procedure is limited. Discussions in this style give a collective but not an individual sense of what students know ...

When it comes to strategies for investigating truth, students at least talked a good game. For younger students, strategies ofte ...

and I got in trouble.”); not having one’s say (“We had a group project. The teacher told us to agree on a topic. The group chose ...

egies for dealing with such situations were limited, even simplistic: “Get more sleep; take a break; think about something fun.” ...

tivate thinking and alert states of mind that favor detecting thinking opportu- nities. Enculturation suggests a kind of osmosis ...

thinking routines (Ritchhart, 2002). Like other classroom routines (Lein- hardt & Greeno, 1986; Leinhardt, Weidman, & Ha ...

whens of thinking. However, the kind of modeling most often observed was not direct demonstration of a certain type of thinking ...

disliked it. The teacher then raised expectations, stating, “Okay, now that we are past your personal feelings, let’s go to the ...

ferences, and claims need supporting evidence and often ask for such evi- dence from others. BEYOND ABILITIES Both folk psycholo ...

performance and we never doubted that.” However, this response reduces the dispositional view to a straw man. The dispositional ...

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Some of the ideas and research reported here were developed with much- appreciated support from the Stiftelsen C ...

Facione, P. A., & Facione, N. C. (1992).The California critical thinking dispositions inventory. Millbrae, CA: The Californi ...

Paul, R., & Elder, L. (1997). The role of affect in critical thinking. In S. Tishman & D. N. Perkins (Eds.),The disposit ...

Stanovich, K. E., & West, R. F. (1997). Reasoning independently of prior belief and individual differences in actively open- ...

FRANCIS BACON AND LIU XIANG: WESTERN AND CHINESE VISIONS OF LEARNING In 1605, Francis Bacon wrote the following in his renownedT ...