Motivation, Emotion, and Cognition : Integrative Perspectives On Intellectual Functioning and Development

mind is supreme in carrying out this inquiry; (c) scientific discovery requires active engagement of the learner; (d) one derive ...

joyed enduring influence in their respective cultures (Li, 2003a, 2003b; Tweed & Lehman, 2002). Even after more than a centu ...

of ability and competence, thrives on its century-long theoretical and psycho- metric tradition of IQ testing. It stresses menta ...

(Coley, 2002; Harmon et al., 1997; Stevenson & Stigler, 1992). Research on a broad spectrum of factors (e.g., school attenda ...

meanings than those of their Western peers (Li, 2002a). Converging evidence also indicates that, instead of viewing ability as a ...

Research by Chao (1994, 2001) further posed challenges to the established universal claim that the so-called authoritative paren ...

once believed to engage in rote learning, not to learn for understanding, but for high examination grades. However, scholars hav ...

says. Similarly, Pratt et al. (1999) also found a different learning approach among Chinese learners that may help explain their ...

contained rich details of thoughts regarding intelligence, ability, skill, knowl- edge, and mental processes, or the plain side ...

FIG. 14.1. Diagram for a U.S. hierarchical structure. Copyright American Psychological As- sociation (2003), reprinted by permis ...

FIG. 14.2. Diagram for a Chinese hierarchical structure. Copyright American Anthropologi- cal Association (2001), reprinted by p ...

In the second study, Li (2002a) asked U.S. and Chinese college students to describe their ideal learners in order to access a fu ...

FIG. 14.3. Diagram for dynamic relationships among purpose, process, achievement, and affect in beliefs about learning. TABLE 14 ...

U.S. Beliefs About Learning Purpose of Learning. As indicated in Table 14.1, three main U.S. pur- poses emerged from Li’s data: ...

also one by which a person develops various abilities and skills in order to reach personal goals in life. Process of Learning. ...

such as logic, evidence, and devil’s advocacy. For dissemination purposes, one presents, explains, demonstrates one’s views, pos ...

Of these three kinds of achievement, the first two are more closely related with one another than with the third one although wh ...

With regard to negative affect, these data showed that model learners also encounter these feelings when the learning task is pe ...

ing (Li, 2003a). Respondents wrote: “the purpose of learning is by no means just to gain knowledge itself; more importantly it i ...

Admittedly, many U.S. model learners also harbored the desire to make a difference in the word, relieve suffering, and help othe ...