Green Chemistry and the Ten Commandments

layer at the interface of the geosphere with the atmosphere. The biosphere is involved with the geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmo ...

Nitric oxide and hydrocarbons emitted to the atmosphere Air pollutants transported to the atmosphere Solar energy is ...

ultraviolet radiation, become energized (“excited”), and undergo reactions that lead to a variety of products, such as photochem ...

1.. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION Environmental chemistry has developed in response to problems and concerns regarding environme ...

Initially, serious efforts to control pollution were based on a command and control approach, which specifies maximum concentrat ...

Green chemistry can be defined as the practice of chemical science and manufacturing in a manner that is sustainable, safe, and ...

been involved much longer in pollution prevention and environmental protection. From the beginning, analytical chemistry has bee ...

Chemical Existing chemicals synthesis process Environmentally benign s y n t h e s i s o f e x i s t i n g feedstocks Su ...

Desired reaction Product Reactants Reactants Desired reaction Product (b) Reaction with 100% yield, but with bypr ...

work around the solvent requires an unceasing effort and constant vigilance to avoid such hazards as formation of explosive mixt ...

will stagnate. The U.S. space program is an example of an area in which progress has been made only by a willingness to take ris ...

1.10. Basic Principles of Green Chemistry From the preceding discussion, it should be obvious that there are certain basic princ ...

materials should be used instead of depletable feedstocks. As discussed further in Chapter 12, biomass feedstocks are highly fav ...

All chemicals are composed of fewer than 100 naturally-occurring fundamental kinds of matter called elements. Humans have succee ...

Chemical Compounds The example just discussed was one in which atoms of the same element, hydrogen, join together to form a m ...

Na Cl Na+ Cl^ - The transfer of a single nega- tively charged electron from a neutral sodium atom (Na) ...

First consider two very simple chemical reactions involving only one element, oxygen. In the very thin air high in the stratosph ...

gives a balanced chemical equation with a total of 4 H atoms in 2 H 2 molecules on the left, 4 H atoms in 2 H 2 O molecules on t ...

into phosphoric acid and phosphate salts to be added to soft drinks or to food, impurity arsenic cannot be tolerated because of ...

QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS What is chemistry? Why is it impossible to avoid chemistry? What is green chemistry? Match the followi ...