Green Chemistry and the Ten Commandments

These elements are close to the noble gas neon and tend to attain a “neon-like” octet of outer shell electrons when they form co ...

Especially stable bonds may make substances unduly persistent in the environment. Relatively weak bonds may allow molecules to ...

By avoiding generation, use, or release to the environment of compounds with the kinds of bonds described above as part of a pro ...

The prediction of chemical bonds in compounds in which H is bonded to another atom is very simple because each H atom has to be ...

Despite the evil nature of concentrated solutions of hydrogen peroxide, it can be regarded as a green compound in more dilute so ...

In fact, the whole water molecule is polar and can be represented as the following, where the small spheres stand for H atoms an ...

3.8. Chemical Formulas, the Mole, and Percentage Composition Chemical formulas represent the composition of chemical compound ...

sulfate, however, it is useful to introduce the concept of the mole. Chemists use the mole to express quantities of materials co ...

3.9. What Are Chemical Compounds Called? The naming of chemical compounds can get a little complicated. This is particularly tru ...

Exercise: Give the formulas and names of compounds formed from each cation on the top row with each anion on the bottom ro ...

Somewhat different rules apply when an acid contains oxygen. Some elements form acids in which the anion has different amounts o ...

Bases A base either contains hydroxide ion, OH-, or reacts with water to produce hydroxide. Most bases that contain hydroxide co ...

Several “characteristics of compounds that meet the criteria of being green” were mentioned at the beginning of this chapter. N ...

What is the major characteristic of ions in ionic liquids that enable these materials to be liquid at around room temperature? ...

Given that the name of HNO 3 is nitric acid, what is the name of HNO 2? The molecular formula of acetic acid is C 2 H 4 O 2. Wh ...

80 Green Chemistry, 2nd ed ...

4. CHEMICAL REACTIONS: MAKING MATERIALS SAFELY WITHOUT DAMAGING THE ENVIRONMENT 4.1. Describing What Happens Wi ...

H atoms in the 6 H 2 O molecules, and 12 O atoms in the 6 CO 2 molecules, as well as 6 O atoms in the 6 H 2 O molecules, a total ...

4.2. Balancing Chemical Equations As noted earlier, a balanced chemical equation shows the same number of each kind of atom on b ...

3CH 4 + Fe 2 O 3 → Fe + 3CO 2 + 6H 2 O (4.2.6) That gives a total of 12 O atoms on the right, 6 each in 3 CO 2 and 6 H 2 O. Taki ...