The Essentials of Biostatistics for Physicians, Nurses, and Clinicians
51 The Essentials of Biostatistics for Physicians, Nurses, and Clinicians, First Edition. Michael R. Chernick. © 2011 John Wiley ...
52 CHAPTER 4 Normal Distribution and Related Properties This, however, is not exactly right, because S is a random quantity and ...
4.3 Student’s t-Distribution 53 4.2 STANDARD ERROR OF THE MEAN The standard deviation of the sample mean is sometimes called the ...
54 CHAPTER 4 Normal Distribution and Related Properties Figure 4.2. Picture of Student ’ s t - distributions (2 and 4 degrees of ...
4.4 Exercises 55 4.4 EXERCISES What is a continuous distribution? What is important about the normal distribution that makes it ...
56 CHAPTER 4 Normal Distribution and Related Properties Table 4.1 Table of Rheumatoid Arthritis on Sodium Aurothiomalate Patient ...
4.4 Exercises 57 Patients without adverse reactions Patients with adverse reactions Patient ID Age Total SA dose (mg) Patient ID ...
58 The Essentials of Biostatistics for Physicians, Nurses, and Clinicians, First Edition. Michael R. Chernick. © 2011 John Wiley ...
5.2 Point Estimates 59 Now we will describe another important discrete distribution the Poisson distribution. In clinical trials ...
60 CHAPTER 5 Estimating Means and Proportions Figure 5.1. Binomial distribution n = 12, p = 1/3. Note that the number of success ...
5.2 Point Estimates 61 tendency and dispersion. These sample analogs are often used as point estimates for the parameters. Somet ...
62 CHAPTER 5 Estimating Means and Proportions This can easily happen if B 1 is small, and σ 22 is much larger than σ 12. An esti ...
5.3 Confi dence Intervals 63 construct the interval. Since ZX=−()/(/)()/ˆˆμσn nX= −μσ, we have PnX[ 1.96−≤ − ≤ =(ˆ μσ)/ 1.96] 0. ...
64 CHAPTER 5 Estimating Means and Proportions Figure 5.3. Explanation of 95% confi dence interval, taken from Chernick and Friis ...
5.4 Sample Size Determination 65 mean difference will be less than the b that is determined from the sample, and 5% of the time, ...
66 CHAPTER 5 Estimating Means and Proportions cost of the experiment. In a clinical trial, the sample size is usually deter- min ...
5.5 Bootstrap Principle and Bootstrap Confi dence Intervals 67 quite different from most nonparametric approaches that differ fr ...
68 CHAPTER 5 Estimating Means and Proportions or from injury such as liver trauma. In the early stages, a small experi- ment to ...
5.6 Exercises 69 However, the data suggest that the distributions are not normal, and the sample sizes are too small for the cen ...
70 CHAPTER 5 Estimating Means and Proportions If a random sample of size n is taken from a population with a distribution with ...
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