Thermodynamics and Chemistry
CHAPTER 3 THE FIRST LAW 3.1 HEAT, WORK,AND THEFIRSTLAW 61 Experiment 2: We start with the system in the same initial state as in ...
CHAPTER 3 THE FIRST LAW 3.2 SPONTANEOUS, REVERSIBLE,ANDIRREVERSIBLEPROCESSES 62 The notion of heat as an indestructible substanc ...
CHAPTER 3 THE FIRST LAW 3.2 SPONTANEOUS, REVERSIBLE,ANDIRREVERSIBLEPROCESSES 63 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH Benjamin Thompson, Count of ...
CHAPTER 3 THE FIRST LAW 3.2 SPONTANEOUS, REVERSIBLE,ANDIRREVERSIBLEPROCESSES 64 and will then lead on to the establishment of cr ...
CHAPTER 3 THE FIRST LAW 3.2 SPONTANEOUS, REVERSIBLE,ANDIRREVERSIBLEPROCESSES 65 at which energy is transferred across the bounda ...
CHAPTER 3 THE FIRST LAW 3.2 SPONTANEOUS, REVERSIBLE,ANDIRREVERSIBLEPROCESSES 66 (a) (b) Figure 3.2 Two purely mechanical process ...
CHAPTER 3 THE FIRST LAW 3.3 HEATTRANSFER 67 3.3 Heat Transfer This section describes irreversible and reversible heat transfer. ...
CHAPTER 3 THE FIRST LAW 3.3 HEATTRANSFER 68 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 99:8 100:0 100:2 100:4 100:6 100:8 101:0 101:2 299:8 300:0 300:2 300:4 ...
CHAPTER 3 THE FIRST LAW 3.4 DEFORMATIONWORK 69 a phase transition from solid to liquid (Sec.2.2.2). We can carry out the heat tr ...
CHAPTER 3 THE FIRST LAW 3.4 DEFORMATIONWORK 70 x Fgas Ffric Fext Figure 3.4 Forces acting on the piston (cross hatched) in a cyl ...
CHAPTER 3 THE FIRST LAW 3.4 DEFORMATIONWORK 71 states approached in the limit as we carry out the compression more and more slow ...
CHAPTER 3 THE FIRST LAW 3.4 DEFORMATIONWORK 72 Thexcomponent of the force exerted by the system on the surroundings at this port ...
CHAPTER 3 THE FIRST LAW 3.4 DEFORMATIONWORK 73 Fsur Fsys (a) ds As; (b) Figure 3.5 Deformation of an isotropic phase (shaded ...
CHAPTER 3 THE FIRST LAW 3.5 APPLICATIONS OFEXPANSIONWORK 74 the phase remains uniform. Consider the surface elementof the bound ...
CHAPTER 3 THE FIRST LAW 3.5 APPLICATIONS OFEXPANSIONWORK 75 On the molecular level, a gas with negligible intermolecular interac ...
CHAPTER 3 THE FIRST LAW 3.5 APPLICATIONS OFEXPANSIONWORK 76 In a reversible adiabatic expansion with expansion work only, the he ...
CHAPTER 3 THE FIRST LAW 3.5 APPLICATIONS OFEXPANSIONWORK 77 (^200) K (^400) K (^600) K (^800) K (^00) 0:10 0:20 0:30 2 4 6 8 0:4 ...
CHAPTER 3 THE FIRST LAW 3.5 APPLICATIONS OFEXPANSIONWORK 78 Figure 3.7 Indicator with paper-covered roll at left and pressure ga ...
CHAPTER 3 THE FIRST LAW 3.6 WORK IN AGRAVITATIONALFIELD 79 gas vacuum gas gas Figure 3.8 Free expansion into a vacuum. negative ...
CHAPTER 3 THE FIRST LAW 3.6 WORK IN AGRAVITATIONALFIELD 80 Fbuoy Ffric mg fluid z (a) Fbuoy Ffric mg Fstr fluid z (b) Figure 3.9 ...
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