0198506961.pdf

166 Doppler-free laser spectroscopy Fig. 8.11(a) The hyperfine struc- ture of the 1s and 2s configurations of hydrogen (not to s ...

8.4 Two-photon spectroscopy 167 use a laser system that generates ultraviolet radiation with a band- width of only a few Hz to g ...

168 Doppler-free laser spectroscopy because of the rapid decay of the 2p level (as mentioned at the beginning of this example). ...

8.5 Calibration in laser spectroscopy 169 Laser Detectors Sample, e.g. Na vapour Beam splitter 1 2 3 molecules Fig. 8.12Calibrat ...

170 Doppler-free laser spectroscopy Fig. 8.13(a) A two-photon spectrum of the 1s–2s transition in atomic hy- drogen as in Fig. 8 ...

8.5 Calibration in laser spectroscopy 171 Molecular iodine Carbon dioxide laser Methanol laser Helium−neon laser Colour centre l ...

172 Doppler-free laser spectroscopy Frequency- doubling crystal Mirror Beam splitter Photodiode 2 detects if Fig. 8.15A frequenc ...

8.5 Calibration in laser spectroscopy 173 very high time resolution and for creating pulses of extremely high peak intensity (by ...

174 Doppler-free laser spectroscopy bothn′andnwill become apparent shortly). This radiation mixes with some of the original ligh ...

Exercises for Chapter 8 175 Further reading This chapter has focused on just a few examples of Doppler-free laser spectroscopy a ...

176 Doppler-free laser spectroscopy Determine the line width of the peaks and the fre- quency shift between the even isotopes fr ...

Exercises for Chapter 8 177 (8.6)Two-photon experiment Relative frequency of radiation (MHz) Intensity 129 128 0 200 400 600 800 ...

Laser cooling and trapping 9 9.1 The scattering force 179 9.2 Slowing an atomic beam 182 9.3 The optical molasses technique 185 ...

9.1 The scattering force 179 fall neatly into either category of the radiation force, i.e. (a) the scatter- ing force that arise ...

180 Laser cooling and trapping Fig. 9.1For an atom moving towards the laser, each absorbed photon gives the atom a kick in the d ...

9.1 The scattering force 181 whereais positive. For constant deceleration from an initial velocityv 0 atz= 0, integration gives ...

182 Laser cooling and trapping range of Doppler shifts approximately equal to the homogeneous width of the transition.^11 Atoms ...

9.2 Slowinganatomicbeam 183 field; on the other side of the equation, the Doppler shift adds to the laser frequencyω. Hence we f ...

184 Laser cooling and trapping gFMF)μBB/
.Forthe3p^2 P 3 / 2 −3s^2 S 1 / 2 line in sodium, the transition between the hyperfine ...

9.3 The optical molasses technique 185 0 200 400 Fig. 9.4The atomic velocity distri- bution produced by chirp cooling cae- sium ...