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226 Magnetic trapping, evaporative cooling and Bose–Einstein condensation Example 10.2 For an atom withgF =1/2 (as in sodium) in ...
10.4 Bose–Einstein condensation 227 ture of atoms). Statistical mechanics tells us that when a system of bosons reaches a critic ...
228 Magnetic trapping, evaporative cooling and Bose–Einstein condensation and other alkalis can exist as atomic vapours at such ...
10.5 Bose–Einstein condensation in trapped atomic vapours 229 The quantum statistics of identical particles applies to composite ...
230 Magnetic trapping, evaporative cooling and Bose–Einstein condensation Atom Atom (a) (b) Incident plane wave Scattered spheri ...
10.5 Bose–Einstein condensation in trapped atomic vapours 231 quantity, in both classical and quantum mechanics; thus the eigens ...
232 Magnetic trapping, evaporative cooling and Bose–Einstein condensation example we shall examine the properties of wavefunctio ...
10.5 Bose–Einstein condensation in trapped atomic vapours 233 In a gas of identical particles, the two colliding atoms have the ...
234 Magnetic trapping, evaporative cooling and Bose–Einstein condensation Fig. 10.10The wavefunctionP(r)= rR(r) for very-low-ene ...
10.6 A Bose–Einstein condensate 235 derivation can be found in the book by Pitaevskii and Stringari (2003). Trapped atoms experi ...
236 Magnetic trapping, evaporative cooling and Bose–Einstein condensation Hence, the number density of atomsn(r)=N|ψ(r)|^2 in th ...
10.6 A Bose–Einstein condensate 237 (a) (b) Fig. 10.11 In the Thomas–Fermi regime the condensate has the same shape as the confi ...
238 Magnetic trapping, evaporative cooling and Bose–Einstein condensation the strength of the interactions, whereasTCdoes not. I ...
10.7 Properties of Bose-condensed gases 239 To observe the condensate experimenters record an image by illumi- nating the atoms ...
240 Magnetic trapping, evaporative cooling and Bose–Einstein condensation travel in the gas has great significance for superflui ...
10.7 Properties of Bose-condensed gases 241 Fig. 10.14The interference fringes ob- served when two independent Bose con- densate ...
242 Magnetic trapping, evaporative cooling and Bose–Einstein condensation Fig. 10.15Atoms coupled out of a Bose–Einstein condens ...
Exercises for Chapter 10 243 Exercises (10.1) Magnetic trapping An Ioffe–Pritchard trap has a radial gradient of b′=3Tm−^1 , and ...
244 Magnetic trapping, evaporative cooling and Bose–Einstein condensation (10.4) Evaporative cooling A cloud of atoms has a Bolt ...
Exercises for Chapter 10 245 (b) In thermodynamics the chemical potential is the energy required to remove a particle from the s ...
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