World Bank Document
COMPARING MITIGATION POLICIES ■ 85 Th aiutsa, B., L. Puangchit, R. Kjelgren, and W. Arunpraparut. 2008. “Urban Green Space, Stre ...
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■ 87 GHG Emissions, Urban Mobility, and Morphology: A Hypothesis Alain Bertaud, Benoit Lefèvre, and Belinda Yuen Introduction Th ...
88 ■ CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE Hypothesis 1: Price signals, including energy prices and carbon market– based incentives, road to ...
GHG EMISSIONS, URBAN MOBILITY, AND MORPHOLOGY ■ 89 ances, individual buildings—as opposed to concentrated sources such as power ...
90 ■ CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE Transport is a key driver of the economy and is highly dependent (98 percent) on fossil oil. Alth ...
GHG EMISSIONS, URBAN MOBILITY, AND MORPHOLOGY ■ 91 such as public transport require closer examination. Modal shift policies are ...
92 ■ CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE suffi cient and that many slum dwellers are able just to walk to work. Some have argued that slum ...
GHG EMISSIONS, URBAN MOBILITY, AND MORPHOLOGY ■ 93 these trips involve short distances and are using nonmotorized transport. Whe ...
94 ■ CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE including motorcycles and private cars (car pools included); and transit mode (minibuses, buses, ...
GHG EMISSIONS, URBAN MOBILITY, AND MORPHOLOGY ■ 95 and an SUV, and by a factor of two between the New York City subway and a Toy ...
96 ■ CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE TABLE 4.2 Input and Output of GHG Emissions for New York City Average distance per passenger per ...
GHG EMISSIONS, URBAN MOBILITY, AND MORPHOLOGY ■ 97 Number of people in New York City MSA 14,687,500 Kg/per year per commuter 1,2 ...
98 ■ CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE emissions by 13 percent. Further reductions could be achieved by introducing hybrid buses or incr ...
GHG EMISSIONS, URBAN MOBILITY, AND MORPHOLOGY ■ 99 consumer preferences for urban transport. Th e transport mode split for New Y ...
100 ■ CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE In an increasing number of cities in low- or middle-income countries, the dispersion of employme ...
GHG EMISSIONS, URBAN MOBILITY, AND MORPHOLOGY ■ 101 more than four people becomes similar to transit. Th is explains in great pa ...
102 ■ CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE In each city the current use of low-carbon technology and the ratio between transit and car comm ...
GHG EMISSIONS, URBAN MOBILITY, AND MORPHOLOGY ■ 103 Regulatory Instruments Regulatory instruments aiming at mode shift from car ...
104 ■ CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE of service. An example of this problem came to light during the latest fi nancial crisis in the ...
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