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CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY Cell-mediated immunity, also known as cellular immunity, uses T-leukocytes (referred to as natural killer ...
The viral DNA migrates to the nucleus of the cell where it is spliced into the host DNA with the help of the integrase enzyme. O ...
Earlier development of drug resistance Transmission of drug-resistant virus Limitation in future choices of antiretroviral agen ...
A list of drugs utilized in the treatment of HIV is provided in the Appendix. Detailed tables show doses, recommendations, expec ...
Vaccines The immune system develops antibodies to attack a pathogen using one of two methods: active immunity and passive immuni ...
also be acquired from a pool of antibodies from human or animal sources. This is acquired passive immunity. Passive immunity is ...
common mild reactions include swelling at the injection site and fever. Absolute contraindications for the use of vaccines inclu ...
If more than one vaccine is being administered at the same time, use dif- ferent injection sites. Do not mix vaccines in the sa ...
eign protein so the person doesn’t reject the transplanted organ. Some of these drugs include azathioprine (Imuran), cyclosporin ...
Quiz The immune system is able to recognize self-cells by (a) using unique RNA that are on the surface of all self-cells. (b) u ...
A newborn whose mother is HIV positive should not be treated for HIV unless the newborn shows signs and symptoms of HIV. (a) Tr ...
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18 CHAPTER 329 Gastrointestinal System At some point, all of us have had a bellyache—especially right before an exam— that sudde ...
esophagus, stomach, small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum), large intestine (cecum, colon, rectum), and the anus. In add ...
The duodenum releases secretin, which is a hormone that suppresses gastric acid secretion. This results in the intestinal juices ...
If nonpharmacological measures fail, then administer antiemetic medication. There are two groups of antiemetics: nonprescription ...
See anticholinergics in the Appendix. Detailed tables show doses, recom- mendations, expectations, side effects, contraindicatio ...
Glucocorticoids Glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) include Dexamethasone (Decadron) and methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol). They ar ...
EMETICS—INDUCING VOMITING When a patient ingests a toxic substance, it is critical that the toxin be expelled or neutralized bef ...
metabolic acidosis. Severe diarrhea can be life threatening in young, elderly, and debilitated patients. Diarrhea is a symptom o ...
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