Sports Medicine: Just the Facts

( 2 ) Achilles stretching in subtalar neutral, ( 3 ) lower limb kinetic chain rehabilitation, and ( 4 ) propriocep- tive enriche ...

CHAPTER 67 • NERVE ENTRAPMENTS OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY 399 (Baxter, 1993). A history of prior ankle injuries with instability is ...

TREATMENT Neuromodulatory medications and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS), biomechanical interventions to red ...

CHAPTER 67 • NERVE ENTRAPMENTS OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY 401 TREATMENT Footwear changes to avoid direct pressure, neuromod- ulator ...

ON arises from the L2–L4 spinal segments, and exits the pelvis via a fibro-osseous tunnel (obturator canal), in which it divide ...

CHAPTER 67 • NERVE ENTRAPMENTS OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY 403 Moller B, Kadin S: Entrapment of the common peroneal nerve. Am J Sport ...

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Section 5 PRINCIPLES OF REHABILITATION 68 PHYSICAL MODALITIES IN SPORTS MEDICINE Alan P Alfano, MD INTRODUCTION The physical mo ...

Poor thermal regulation (systemic applications) Malignancy •Edema SUPERFICIAL HEAT APPLICATION METHODS HOT PACKS (HYDROCOLLATO ...

CHAPTER 68 • PHYSICAL MODALITIES IN SPORTS MEDICINE 407 SPA THERAPY (BALNEOTHERAPY) Little research has addressed these issues ...

ULTRASOUNDPRECAUTIONS Ultrasound is typically avoided in the acute stages of an injury due to concerns that it may aggravate bl ...

CHAPTER 68 • PHYSICAL MODALITIES IN SPORTS MEDICINE 409 THERAPEUTIC COLD The cooling agents are often used for their analgesic, ...

SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS TRANSCUTANEOUSELECTRICALNERVE STIMULATORS It is clear that transcutaneous electrical nerve stimu- lators ...

CHAPTER 68 • PHYSICAL MODALITIES IN SPORTS MEDICINE 411 Static Magnetic Fields (Magnetic Devices) Magnetic discs, pads, bandage ...

Hartviksen K: Ice therapy in spasticity. Acta Neurol Scand38;79, 1962. Hill AC, Baker GF, Jansen GT: mechanism of action of ion- ...

CHAPTER 69 • CORE STRENGTHENING 413 An efficient core allows for maintenance of the normal length–tension relationship of funct ...

Quadratus lumborum Fibers cross link the vertebrae. From transverse process to rib cage to iliac crests can buttress shearing o ...

CHAPTER 70 • MEDICATIONS AND ERGOGENICS 415 Gracovetsky S, Farfan H, Helleur C: The abdominal mechanism. Spine10:317–324, 1985. ...

MECHANISM OFACTION The major pharmacologic effect of NSAIDs is to inhibit the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), thus decreasing pros ...

CHAPTER 70 • MEDICATIONS AND ERGOGENICS 417 inhibitors or nonselective NSAIDs (Mukherjee, 2001). STRATEGIES TOLIMITSIDEEFFECTS ...