sustainability - SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry

Sustainability 2011 , 3 1897 3.1. Economic Methods to Adjust for Quality Priced-based adjustment emerged from the literature as ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 1898 3.2. Shortcomings of Price-Based Adjustment There are some shortcomings of a price-based weighting ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 1899 Table 2. Cont. Fuel Exergy [MJ/kg] Error (+/−) Lignin 25.00 Cellulose 17.00 1.00 Eucalyptus (dry) 1 ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 1900 Deriving Energy Intensities from Economic Data Often, the only data available, or available for f ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 1901 Table 3. Various conversions used commonly in EROI analysis. Unit Conversion Factor Reference Prima ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 1902 The specific energy intensity values used in an EROI analysis should match the general level of pre ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 1903 5.4. Absolute Energy Ratio The absolute energy ratio (AER) includes in the denominator the energy c ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 1904 uses mainly one energy type for inputs and outputs, then a quality adjustment adds little value. Fo ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 1905 7.3. Allocation Between Co-Products Many production processes produce more than one type of good. A ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 1906 Murphy, D.J.; Hall, C.A.S. Year in review-EROI or energy return on (Energy) invested. Ann. N. Y. A ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 1907 Economic Input-Output Life Cycle Assesment. Carnegie-Mellon: Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, 2009. Availa ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 , 1796-1809; doi:10.3390/su3101796 sustainability ISSN 2071-1050 http://www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainabil ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 1797 Introduction In the 1970’s ecologist Charles Hall coined the term “Energy Return on Investment” ( ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 1798 to update the earlier EROI numbers for oil and gas beyond one additional study by Cleveland [16]. T ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 1799 Figure 1. All known EROIs for oil and gas production as per about 2008 [17]. These data imply that ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 1800 more explicit, and presumably more accurate studies, the values had a similar pattern over time and ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 1801 The authors of this EROI study note that they exclude the interest paid on debts to purchase foreig ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 1802 The authors calculate an EROI of about 6:1 that is based mostly upon the direct energy costs of pro ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 1803 larger use, and with the new considerations of the Japanese reactor accidents due to the earthquake ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 1804 EROI for Photovoltaics The use of Solar photovoltaics (PV) are increasing almost as rapidly as wi ...