0195136047.pdf

234 ANALOG BUILDING BLOCKS AND OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS The voltage gain is independent of the op-amp parameters. By selecting the ...

5.3 PRACTICAL PROPERTIES OF OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS 235 potential difference between its input terminals. The effect of the feedb ...

236 ANALOG BUILDING BLOCKS AND OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS the device that provide the correct dc levels at the terminals. Terminals ...

5.3 PRACTICAL PROPERTIES OF OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS 237 − − − + + + + − vo vn vp Ri + − A(vp − vn) Figure 5.3.3Op amp as a circui ...

238 ANALOG BUILDING BLOCKS AND OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS − + 2 3 1 5 6 10 kΩ Pin 1 labeled “− offset null” Pin 5 labeled “+ offset ...

5.3 PRACTICAL PROPERTIES OF OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS 239 − + RS IBn RS IBp Figure 5.3.7Illustration of unequal bias currents, whic ...

240 ANALOG BUILDING BLOCKS AND OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS − + 2 3 1 8 μA 709 5 6 C 1 C 2 R 2 (use 50 Ω when amplifier is operated wi ...

5.3 PRACTICAL PROPERTIES OF OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS 241 zero with time also decays to zero. Instability can come about in various ...

242 ANALOG BUILDING BLOCKS AND OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS − − + RS RL Ri (a) (b) vS vo RL + vS RS vo + − A(v+ − v−) Figure E5.3.1 So ...

5.3 PRACTICAL PROPERTIES OF OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS 243 Solution vo=Vmsinωt dvo dt =ωVm cosωt slew rate=maximum value of dvo dt = ...

244 ANALOG BUILDING BLOCKS AND OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS or A ̄F= Ao 1 −jωRoC = Ao( 1 −jωRoC) 1 +(ωRoC)^2 ∣ ∣A ̄F ∣ ∣=AF=√ Ao 1 +(ω ...

5.4 APPLICATIONS OF OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS 245 vo=Ao(v 2 −v 1 ) (5.4.1) Sincev 2 =0, because terminal 2 is grounded, v 1 =− vo A ...

246 ANALOG BUILDING BLOCKS AND OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS i 1 = −v 1 R 1 = −v 2 R 1 + vo AoR 1 (5.4.10) i 2 = v 1 −vo R 2 = v 2 R 2 ...

5.4 APPLICATIONS OF OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS 247 If all resistorsRnare the same, sayRn=R 1 , for alln, then vo=− Rf R 1 ∑N n= 1 vi ...

248 ANALOG BUILDING BLOCKS AND OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS An( M-input noninverting summing amplifier for which the gain seen by eac ...

5.4 APPLICATIONS OF OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS 249 io iS = 1 + Rf R 1 (5.4.28) Charge-to-Charge Amplifier A circuit is shown in Figu ...

250 ANALOG BUILDING BLOCKS AND OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS which is a negative resistance. The negative impedance converter is useful ...

5.4 APPLICATIONS OF OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS 251 which corresponds to the response of adifferential amplifier.Usually resistor val ...

252 ANALOG BUILDING BLOCKS AND OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS vo(t)=− 1 C ∫t −∞ iC(ξ)dξ=− 1 RC ∫t −∞ vin(ξ)dξ (5.4.39) which illustrates ...

5.4 APPLICATIONS OF OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS 253 where fl= 1 2 πRfCf (5.4.43) The magnitude ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ vo vi ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣= Rf Ri 1 √ 1 +(f ...