0195136047.pdf

14 CIRCUIT CONCEPTS vs is + + − − 0 i vs vs v is is (a) i + − 0 i v (b) v Figure 1.1.6Circuit symbols andi–vcurves.(a)Ideal volt ...

1.1 ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES 15 Theeffective,orroot-mean square(rms), value is the square root of the average off^2 (t), Frms= √√ √ ...

16 CIRCUIT CONCEPTS Notice thatωtrather thantis chosen as the variable for convenience;ω= 2 πf = 2 π/T; and integration is perfo ...

1.2 LUMPED-CIRCUIT ELEMENTS 17 iab vab ab(Fixed)R +− iab iab = vab/R = Gvab vab ab(Variable)R +− Figure 1.2.1Circuit symbols of ...

18 CIRCUIT CONCEPTS TABLE 1.2.2Standard Color-Coded Bands for Evaluating Resistance and Their Interpretation Color bands 1–4 b 1 ...

1.2 LUMPED-CIRCUIT ELEMENTS 19 TABLE 1.2.3Standard Available Values of Resistors 1.0 1.5 2.2 3.3 4.7 6.8 1.1 1.6 2.4 3.6 5.1 7.5 ...

20 CIRCUIT CONCEPTS (b) If such a 2-wire system is connected to a 110-V (rms) residential source outlet in order to power a hous ...

1.2 LUMPED-CIRCUIT ELEMENTS 21 Solution (a) The circuit is reduced as illustrated in Figure E1.2.2(b). (b)I=5A;P=VI=I^2 R=V^2 /R ...

22 CIRCUIT CONCEPTS 10 V B A I = 10/2 = 5 A 2 Ω + − (c) B A 5 A 2 ΩV = 5 × 2 = 10 V + − (d) (e) A B B 2 Ω 1 Ω 5 A^1 Ω 5 A 2.5 A ...

1.2 LUMPED-CIRCUIT ELEMENTS 23 v B A RL RS vL iL iL − Source − + Load Figure 1.2.3Power transfer between source and load.Not ...

24 CIRCUIT CONCEPTS currentiLis then equal to the short-circuit current of the sourcei. Hence, it is desirable to have as large ...

1.2 LUMPED-CIRCUIT ELEMENTS 25 w(t)= ∫t −∞ p(τ) dτ=C ∫t −∞ v(τ) dv(τ ) dτ = 1 2 Cv^2 (t)− 1 2 Cv^2 (−∞) (1.2.21) Assuming the ca ...

26 CIRCUIT CONCEPTS Theworking voltagefor a capacitor is generally specified by the manufacturer, thereby giving the maximum vol ...

1.2 LUMPED-CIRCUIT ELEMENTS 27 − 21 v(t), mV v(t) t, μs 5 μF t, μs i(t), mA − 1 23456 − 21 25 − 50 250 10 − 1 23456 t, μs w(t), ...

28 CIRCUIT CONCEPTS Since i(t)=C dv dt =( 5 × 10 −^6 ) dv dt it follows that i(t)= 0 ,t≤− 1 μs =25 mA, − 1 ≤t≤ 1 μs = 0 , 1 ≤t≤ ...

1.2 LUMPED-CIRCUIT ELEMENTS 29 = 2 tmV, 1 ≤t≤ 3 μs =−t^2 + 8 t−9mV, 3 ≤t≤ 4 μs =7mV, 4 ≤tμs which is sketched in the center of F ...

30 CIRCUIT CONCEPTS i(t) i(t) (a) L + − + − v(t) N turns v(t) L = λ/i = Nψ/i λ = Nψ ψ (b) v(t) = Ldidt;i(t) =L^1 ∫^ v(τ) dτ t L ...

1.2 LUMPED-CIRCUIT ELEMENTS 31 Under dc conditions, an ideal inductor acts like an ideal wire, or short circuit. Note that the c ...

32 CIRCUIT CONCEPTS EXAMPLE 1.2.4 (a) Consider a 5-μH inductor to which a current sourcei(t) is attached, as shown in Figure E1. ...

1.2 LUMPED-CIRCUIT ELEMENTS 33 L 12 = λ 12 i 2 (1.2.38) and L 21 = λ 21 i 1 (1.2.39) whereλ 12 is the flux linkage of inductor 1 ...