Final Cover - For Printing

For example, 51 ,^25 ,^35 ,^135 are like fractions. The idea of like fractions can also be explained to the child orally. Few pa ...

equivalent if after reducing each fraction to its lowest terms, the value of the fractions remains same. For example, 21 =^24 =^ ...

Reducing a fraction to its lowest terms To reduce a fraction to its lowest form, both the numerator and denominator should be e ...

Module 59 MEASURES OF AREA Measures of area The measure of a plane region or the amount of surface which any object occupies is ...

clearly. After introduction of the idea, sufficient practice must be given to the child to memorize all the formulae relating to ...

The idea may be explained to the child orally with the assistance of necessary text material in Braille. Perimeter of a square ...

rectangular in shape may be used as an example with the border strip indicating the pathways. Area of a rectangle The product o ...

In symbols, A^ =^21 bh where ‘b’ is the base and ‘h’ is the height of the right angle triangle. The idea may be explained to the ...

Area of the four walls = p × h = 32 × 4 = 128 m^2 The idea may be explained to the child by providing a small box treating sides ...

MEASURES OF VOLUME Measures of volume The space occupied by any object is called the volume of that object. Also, the measure o ...

Module 61 MEASURES OF TIME Measures of time The smallest unit of time is normally the second, followed by the minute and the ho ...

To enable the child to understand the idea of number of days in each month, the child may be asked to show his/her fist and say ...

Module 62 : Radicals RADICALS Radical The symbol ‘ ’ indicates the square root of a number following the sign. In general, the ...

Square root A square number if expressed as the product of two equal numbers, then one of the equal numbers is said to be the s ...

Unlike square root, note that a negative number cannot be the cube root of a number. Eg. : The product of 4 with 4 three times i ...

Module 63 ALGEBRAIC CONCEPTS Algebra The word ‘Algebra’ is derived from the Arabic word al-jabr. In Arabic, ‘al’ means ‘the’ and ...

since they hold the places. ‘x’ is one such a place holder used to denote an unknown value. Literals In the expression of a mat ...

Variable A variable denotes a quantity (or letter or symbol) which is able to represent different numerical values. In other wo ...

Algebraic Term The product of a variable and a constant is said to be an algebraic term. In other words, a constant or variable ...

As in the case of like terms, the idea of unlike terms may also be explained to the child emphasizing the difference between the ...