Organic Chemistry

280 CHAPTER 7 Electron Delocalization and Resonance• More About Molecular Orbital Theory 7.8 Stability of Allylic and Benzylic R ...

cation is stabilized by electron delocalization, it is formed more readily, so only one product is obtained. This example serves ...

Breacts with HBr more rapidly than Cdoes, because the carbocation formed by Cis destabilized by the group that withdraws electro ...

Section 7.10 The Effect of Electron Delocalization on pKa 283 Free energy Progress of the reaction RCO− + H+ RO− + H+ RCOH reson ...

284 CHAPTER 7 Electron Delocalization and Resonance• More About Molecular Orbital Theory Tutorial: Acidity and electron delocali ...

+ ROH H RCOH H 3 O+ NH 3 OH RCOH RNH 3 ROH H 2 O O + + + OH Table 7.1 Approximate pKa Values pKa 0 pKa 5pKa 10 pKa 15 Section 7. ...

286 CHAPTER 7 Electron Delocalization and Resonance• More About Molecular Orbital Theory PROBLEM 11 Which is a stronger acid? a ...

orbital can hold two electrons of opposite spin), and Hund’s rule (an electron will occupy an empty degenerate orbital before it ...

1,3-Butadiene’s lowest-energy MO is particularly stable because it has three bonding interactions and its two electrons are delo ...

The energies of the MOs of 1,3-butadiene and ethene are compared in Figure 7.9. Notice that the average energy of the electrons ...

290 CHAPTER 7 Electron Delocalization and Resonance• More About Molecular Orbital Theory molecular orbitals allyl cation allyl r ...

Section 7.11 A Molecular Orbital Description of Stability 291 1,3,5-Hexatriene and Benzene 1,3,5-Hexatriene, with six carbon ato ...

292 CHAPTER 7 Electron Delocalization and Resonance• More About Molecular Orbital Theory 6 4 5 2 3 1 Energy energy of the p atom ...

Section 7.11 A Molecular Orbital Description of Stability 293 bonding antibonding Energy 6 (^45) 2 3 1 Figure 7.13 As the energ ...

294 CHAPTER 7 Electron Delocalization and Resonance• More About Molecular Orbital Theory Summary Localized electronsbelong to a ...

Problems 295 d. h. l. e. i. m. f. j. g. k. a. Draw resonance contributors for the following species, showing all the lone pairs ...

296 CHAPTER 7 Electron Delocalization and Resonance• More About Molecular Orbital Theory Which resonance contributor makes the ...

Problems 297 Which species in each of the pairs in Problem 29 is the stronger base? We saw in Chapter 6 that ethyne reacts with ...

retinol vitamin A I n this chapter, we will look at the reactions of compounds that have two double bonds. Hydrocarbons with two ...

Section 8.1 Nomenclature of Alkenes with More than One Functional Group 299 8.1 Nomenclature of Alkenes with More than One Funct ...