Organic Chemistry

Figure 27.19 A triple helix. A synthetic strand of oligonucleotides (purple atoms) is wrapped around double-stranded DNA. Secti ...

O O PO base O O PO O base O O −S PO −S −S base O O O Figure 27.21 A synthetic oligonucleotide with negatively charged sulfurs i ...

Problems 069 template strand in the direction. There are three kinds of RNA: messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and trans- fer RNA. P ...

Using the single-letter abbreviations for the amino acids in Table 23.1, write the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide rep ...

071 In previous chapters,the polymers synthe- sized by biological systems—proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids—were discus ...

Super glue P robably no group of synthetic compounds is more important to modern life than synthetic polymers. A polymeris a lar ...

Section 28.1 General Classes of Synthetic Polymers 073 Alexander Parke (1813–1890)was born in Birmingham, England. He called the ...

074 CHAPTER 28 Synthetic Polymers 3-D Molecules: Styrene; Polystyrene Step-growth polymers, also called condensation polymers, a ...

Section 28.2 Chain-Growth Polymers 075 Table 28.1 Some Important Chain-Growth Polymers and Their Uses Monomer Repeating unit Pol ...

076 CHAPTER 28 Synthetic Polymers This process is repeated over and over. Hundreds or even thousands of alkene monomers can add ...

Section 28.2 Chain-Growth Polymers 077 Chain-growth polymerization of monosubstituted ethylenes exhibits a marked pref- erence f ...

A common feature of all radical initiators is a relatively weak bond that readily un- dergoes homolytic cleavage. In all but one ...

PROBLEM 2 Which polymer would be more apt to contain abnormal head-to-head linkages: poly(vinyl chloride) or polystyrene? PROBL ...

080 CHAPTER 28 Synthetic Polymers Cationic Polymerization In cationic polymerization, the initiator is an electrophile that adds ...

PROBLEM 7 List the following groups of monomers in order of decreasing ability to undergo cationic polymerization: a. b. c. CH ...

082 CHAPTER 28 Synthetic Polymers Table 28.5 Examples of Alkenes That Undergo Anionic Polymerization CH 2 CH CH 2 CH Cl CH 2 CCH ...

protein on the surface of the skin initiates the polymerization reaction, with the result that two fingers can become firmly glu ...

If the initiator is a Lewis acid or a proton-donating acid, epoxides are polymerized by a cationic mechanism. Polymerization rea ...

Section 28.3 Stereochemistry of Polymerization • Ziegler–Natta Catalysts 085 Karl Ziegler (1898–1973), the son of a minister, wa ...

086 CHAPTER 28 Synthetic Polymers Ti Ti Ti ZCH CH 2 CHCH 2 R Z CHCH 2 CHCH 2 CHCH 2 R ZZ CHCH 2 CHCH 2 R ZZ CHCH 2 CHCH 2 R Z ZZ ...