Spanish: An Essential Grammar

jugo de piña pineapple juice ropa de playa beachwear hoja de cálculo spreadsheet jarra para cerveza beer mug or tankard mesa par ...

Although the Latin American and Peninsular varieties of Spanish are mutu- ally comprehensible, they differ in several important ...

rozado worn/grazed rosadopink maza meat tenderizer masadough This phenomenon, which is known as seseo, is more or less universal ...

pronouns that are used when other people are directly addressed. In the first place, neither the standard 2nd person plural verb ...

-ar -er -ir Present indicative vos cantás vos comés vos vivís Note also vos sos‘you are’. Vosimperatives See 19.1.2. Vosin prese ...

Object pronouns and possessives associated with vos In modern usage the weak object pronoun and the possessives that corre- spon ...

Les pidió que entraran. He asked them to come in. Les pidió que entren.[LA] Quería que lo hagamos hoy.[LA] He wanted us to do it ...

In many varieties of Latin American Spanish, however, when the empha- sized word refers to a place or time, or it is preceded by ...

Table 30.1Common Latin American vocabulary Latin American Corresponding Peninsular term (alto)parlante altavoz loudspeaker amarr ...

playa (de estacio- aparcamiento car park/ namiento)/parqueo parking lot pasto/grama césped grass/lawn piso suelo floor plomero f ...

Items that require special attention The meaning of some words in parts of Latin America has moved away from current Peninsular ...

from Cusco itself’, Tiene el puro sabor de cenizas‘It has the very taste of ashes’. (c) as an adverb meaning ‘very’: Su hija es ...

No más/nomás Often used to an excessive degree in speech, this phrase conveys several meanings in Latin America: (a) ‘just’, ‘on ...

Definitions of terms relating mainly to one chapter are given at the head of the relevant chapter, e.g. reflexive verbs, relativ ...

Conjunction A word which links other words or phrases, e.g.y ‘and’,o‘or’,pero‘but’. Subordinating conjunctions introduce a subor ...

Perception verb A verb describing how the subject becomes aware of something through the senses (especially sight): ver‘to see’, ...

a215–20; in idioms 219–20; before infinitive 190, 193, 208; + object pronouns 77–8; after oler, saber, sonar218–19; see alsopers ...

buen(o): position of 61; short form 56 caber112, 118 cada93; cada uno/a93n2 cada vez más/menos93n1, 276 capital letters (cf. Eng ...

-ecerverbs 105–6 -eerverbs: gerund 123; preterite 118–19 elseearticles, definite article el/la cual, los/las cuales 263 el/la qu ...

267; with own subject 195; replacing subjunctive after verbs of influence 147, 189; see also commands, paraand por, perfect infi ...