Left and Right in Global Politics
politically achievable once states knew how to guarantee social pro- tection to their citizens.^6 This being said, the consensua ...
efficient and self-regulating market increasingly hard to sustain. Lacking a clear understanding of the problem, governments int ...
The interest in planning predated the war, and it had many sources, some on the right, others on the left. Because planning supp ...
laissez-faireand prepare the ground for socialism.^14 On the right there was more reluctance, but planning often seemed unavoida ...
labor movement to progress and expand.^19 Planning wouldnot become a public objective, except, as Charles Maier observes, “in a ...
left and organized labor” to plan in favor of business, at the expense of workers and consumers.^26 Planning was thus dreamed by ...
Michal Kalecki, a Polish economist who was a contemporary of Keynes’ and independently arrived at similar policy conclusions, wa ...
high employment levels, rather than price stability.^33 In doing so, these parties were consistent with their basic ideological ...
In the United States, these rates were only 25 percent in 1973, and down to 18 percent by 1985.^36 These industrial relations o ...
reached 20 percent of GDP, ranging from Sweden at 32 percent to Japan at 10 percent. The bulk of this transformation took place ...
von Bismarck, German Emperor William I introduced health, indus- trial accident, and old age insurances in 1881, with the explic ...
implications of the idea. The Labour Party was most enthusiastic. It made a priority of implementing rapidly, in three years, th ...
time.”^47 By 1980, distinct models of social protection had indeed emerged. Long governed by social-democratic coalitions, the S ...
work. In this perspective, well-intentioned social programs hindered economic growth, fueled inflation, and raised popular expec ...
political and military leadership. The founding of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1949 institutionalized this ...
leaders to invest whatever it took to prevent the Soviet Union from winning the arms race. Downplaying the possibility of mutual ...
countries on state ownership, centralized planning, and economic autarky. The persistence of the leaders of these countries in s ...
the plunder of Asian, African and Latin American peoples, upon non-equivalent exchange, discrimination of female labor, brutal o ...
In many ways, the liberal left viewed the United States as a greater threat than the Soviet Union. Much was done, therefore, to ...
The North–South conflict With the acceleration of the decolonization movement in the 1960s, the North–South conflict was superim ...
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