Left and Right in Global Politics
was becoming more forceful. Indeed, between 1877 and 1920, most countries of Western Europe removed the remaining barriers to un ...
Against absolutist monarchies claiming divine right, democrats opposed the idea of a state created by a social contract among fr ...
aim was only to defend the revolution against its enemies. In May 1790, the Assembly proclaimed: “the French nation renounces th ...
the great powers, based on the conservative foundations of their happy and grand alliance.”^32 The worldview of the right rested ...
update and reinforce the pacifist point of view initially defined by Rousseau and Kant. First, the progress of trade led many to ...
whatever their size or military strength.^43 Third, as the incarnation of order and hierarchy, and often as the privileged realm ...
right, which were more fatalist. With the rise of socialism in the late nineteenth century, this pacifist standpoint was reinfor ...
fact less technological than social. It stemmed from the mobilization of large numbers of workers and machines in factories prod ...
In the nineteenth century, thelaissez-faireapproach became encom- passing. Starting as an argument against the excessive interve ...
economic growth but much misery was created in the process.^59 Work in the new industries was hard, unhealthy, and poorly paid. ...
modern capitalist economy, and they put forward an ambitious pol- itical strategy to bring about a revolution, based on the inte ...
In 1864 in London, the International Workingmen’s Association, later known as the First International, was founded. In the follo ...
anti-communism and social order. More importantly, fascist regimes emerged in Italy and Germany that delineated a new and radica ...
even when they supported colonialism, European socialists tended to do so for the sake of social progress more than in the name ...
Joseph Chamberlain in 1902.^77 Expansion, said Cecil Rhodes, the British-born South African who gave his name to Rhodesia – now ...
benefits of progress to the peoples of the world was also, up to a point, genuine. The moral ambiguity of colonialism appeared c ...
movement was spearheaded by educated elites who sought national self-determination and modernization. They made some references ...
“non self-governing” territories, mostly small islands.^91 It may be too soon, however, to conclude, as did Tanzanian president ...
5 The age of universality (1945–1980) At the end of the Second World War, the United States was in a unique position. As the unc ...
politically liberal or not, with a system of belief in private ownership, private entrepreneurship, and markets. On the left, th ...
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