The Microbiology of Anaerobic Digesters
[2000–20,000 mg/l chemical oxygen demand (COD)] soluble organic industrial waste. Because of the highly concentrated bacterial p ...
2 Bacteria 11 At least 300 different species of bacteria are found in the feces of a single individ- ual. Most of these bacteria ...
degradation of wastes. If free molecular oxygen is absent, another molecule, for example, nitrate ion (NO 3 – ), is used to degr ...
perform normal cellular activities, including the degradation of substrate, in the presence of free molecular oxygen. Strict ana ...
commonly known as mixed-acid fermentation because a mixture of acids, for example, acetate, butyrate, formate, and propionate, a ...
solubilized, these substrates enter the cell and are degraded by endoenzymes. The production of exoenzymes and solubilization of ...
their symbiotic relationship with hydrogen-utilizing bacteria or methane-forming bacteria. Acetogenic bacteria reproduce very sl ...
3 Methane-forming Bacteria 17 Methane-forming bacteria are known by several names (Table 3.1) and are a mor- phologically divers ...
specialized coenzymes. The cell wall lacks muramic acid, and the cell membrane does not contains an ether lipid as its major con ...
METHANE-FORMING BACTERIA 19 Figure 3.2 Common growth patterns of methane-forming bacterial cells. Commonly occurring growth patt ...
20 METHANE-FORMING BACTERIA Animals Plants Algae Gram-positive bacteria Acid-loving archaea Thermophiles Methanogens Archaea E. ...
METHANE-FORMING BACTERIA 21 { Cell wall { Cell wall capsule capsule cell membrane cell membrane muramic acid (a) (b) Figure 3.5 ...
The unique chemical composition of the cell wall makes the bacteria “sensitive” to toxicity from several fatty acids. Also, many ...
substrates.Methanobacterium formicium, for example, grows on formate, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen and is one of the more abunda ...
the degradation of organic compounds. At least 12 days are required to obtain a large population of methane-forming bacteria. Me ...
methane-forming bacteria, and carbon dioxide functions as an inorganic carbon source in the forms of carbonate (CO 3 2–) or bica ...
methane-forming bacteria. Accordingly, the accumulation of propionate is a common indicator of stress in an anaerobic digester. ...
The acetotrophic methanogens reproduce more slowly than the hydrogeno- trophic methanogens and are adversely affected by the acc ...
28 METHANE-FORMING BACTERIA Figure 3.9 Modes of reproduction for methane-forming bacteria. Methane-forming bacteria repro- duce ...
to maintain cellular activity (more degradation of substrate). Therefore, increasing retention time of a properly operated anaer ...
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