Facts on File Encyclopedia of Health and Medicine

ing the urine to capture the stones or stone frag- ments when they pass, for laboratory analysis. Despite the pain they cause, k ...

health conditions or disease processes. Nephropa- thy is the main cause of END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE (ESRD) and the leading reason ...

frothy URINEduring URINATION(indicates albu- minuria) edema (fluid accumulation in the tissues), most noticeable upon awakening ...

the KIDNEYS. Among those most commonly associ- ated with altered kidney function and RENAL FAIL- UREare heavy metals such as le ...

oliguria Significantly reduced URINEproduction that occurs as a consequence of RENAL FAILURE, DEHYDRATION, hemorrhage (massive B ...

P percutaneous lithotripsy See EXTRACORPOREAL SHOCK WAVE LITHOTRIPSY(ESWL). polycystic kidney disease An inherited disorder in w ...

R renal cancer The growth of a malignant (can- cerous) tumor in the kidney. Doctors diagnose about 30,000 people in the United S ...

edema (swelling due to retained fluid in the tis- sues), notably in the hands and feet The diagnostic path begins with urine t ...

long term. Though in theory renal dialysis could sustain life indefinitely, in practice most people experience a steady decline ...

The primary advantage of peritoneal dialysis is mobility. Most people are able to participate in regular activities, including w ...

Symptoms and Diagnostic Path Symptoms of renal failure depend on whether renal failure is acute or chronic. Acute renal fail- ur ...

type 4 RTA, which may accompany NEPHROPA- THYof DIABETESor HIV/AIDS, SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERY- THEMATOSUS(SLE), andSICKLE CELL DISEAS ...

U uremia A serious condition in which nitrogen- based toxins such as urea and creatinine, the pri- mary waste products of METABO ...

urethra to make its way out the urethral opening. BLADDER CATHETERIZATION, CYSTOSCOPY, ureteroscopy, and intravesical therapies ...

dures are necessary unless other health concerns coexist. Treatment Options and Outlook Treatment is the appropriate antibiotic ...

method, it requires more frequent emptying than would the natural bladder. Likewise the catheter reservoir, which further requir ...

obstruction that blocks or narrows the URETHRA such as a bladder stone (UROLITHIASIS), URETHRITISor URETHRAL STRICTURE, BENIGN P ...

typically 7 to 10 days. It is important to continue taking all prescribed doses of the antibiotic, even when symptoms improve, t ...

liters of urine; maximum capacity of the bladder is about 500 ml. CONDITIONS OF ALTERED URINATION ANURIA DYSURIA HEMATURIA NOCTU ...

LITHOTRIPSY(ESWL) or surgical procedures such as percutaneous lithotomy or open cystostomy to remove the stones. Most people rec ...