Facts on File Encyclopedia of Health and Medicine

Structures of the Urinary System KIDNEYS NEPHRON cortex ureters medulla BLADDER renal pelvis URETHRA Functions of the Urinary Sy ...

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end to end in a straight line, they would cover more than 50 miles. RENAL DIALYSIS: MACHINES TO CLEANSE THE BODY WHEN THE KIDNEY ...

volume surges through the kidneys. This blood disperses among the million or so glomeruli, the microscopic capillaries within th ...

channels the urine toward the URETER, which will carry the urine, like a drain, into the bladder. Though small in diameter the u ...

described the urinary system’s basic structure and function in his writings. However, nearly 2000 years would pass before one of ...

A aging, urinary system changes that occur with At birth the structures of the urinary system are fully developed and function u ...

Measures to Maintain Urinary Health Though it is not possible to prevent many of the health conditions affecting the urinary sys ...

early childhood, typically following an upper respi- ratory viral INFECTIONsuch as a cold. As the damage to the kidneys progress ...

B bladder A muscular, saclike structure in the lower pelvis that serves as a reservoir for the URINE the KIDNEYSproduce. In wome ...

function please see the overview section “The Uri- nary System.” HEALTH CONDITIONS THAT CAN AFFECT THE BLADDER BLADDER CANCER BL ...

180 The Urinary System STAGING OF BLADDER CANCER (TCC) Stage Extent of Cancer Treatment Protocols/Options 0 cancer cells are in ...

transurethral resection (TUR) with fulguration, a bladder-sparing treatment in which the urolo- gist removes the tumor via cyst ...

Certain treatments for other cancer may raise the risk for bladder cancer. These include radiation therapy to the pelvic region, ...

C–D cystinuria An inherited genetic disorder in which the KIDNEYSdo not properly reabsorb amino acids collectively called cystin ...

HEMATURIA(bloody URINE) URINARY URGENCY URINARY FREQUENCY, including NOCTURIA (the need to urinate at night) cloudy, foul-smell ...

tial cystitis occurs more often in women. However, doctors do not know what causes interstitial cysti- tis, either. Finding the ...

and functional problems, such as VESICOURETERAL REFLUX(a condition in which urine flows back into the ureters from the bladder). ...

E–F end-stage renal disease (ESRD) A condition of permanent RENAL FAILUREin which the KIDNEYScan no longer function to filter wa ...

In some children the causes of enuresis are pri- marily behavioral, such as ignoring the urge to urinate until it becomes overwh ...