Facts on File Encyclopedia of Health and Medicine

This section, “Drugs,” presents an overview dis- cussion of pharmacologic concepts and entries about drugs and their use for the ...

The Pure Food and Drugs Act of 1906 was the beginning of the end for patent medicines; requir- ing medicine labels to list the p ...

situations, however, taking a drug improperly is more of a health hazard than not taking the drug at all. The problem is signifi ...

A adverse drug reaction An undesired, negative, and often unpleasant response to a medication. People commonly refer to adverse ...

DRUGSand MEDICINAL HERBS AND BOTANICALS, should make sure the prescribing physician and the dis- pensing pharmacist know all of ...

See also APOPTOSIS; NEUROTRANSMITTER; ORPHAN DRUG. antibiotic resistance The adaptation of bacterial strains to certain of the A ...

adaptive mutations for multiple resistance. Plasmid transfer accounts for resistance to entire classifica- tions of drugs such a ...

antivenin A serum product, also called antivenom, cultivated from animal BLOOD and given therapeutically to neutralize the effec ...

B–D bioavailability The amount of a DRUG’S active ingredient the body absorbs and the length of time it takes for that ingredien ...

body produces) that participate in the METABOLISM of drugs. The CYP450 enzymes also participate in lipid (notably cholesterol) a ...

action of another in a known and predictable way for a therapeutic effect. Such effect occurs, for example, with the combination ...

156 Drugs This Drug In Combination with This Drug or Food Consequence of Interaction beta blockers (acebutolol, oral antidiabete ...

drug interaction 157 This Drug In Combination with This Drug or Food Consequence of Interaction oral antidiabetes medications al ...

E–I efficacy The ability of a DRUGto produce a pre- dictable effect in the body. Many factors influence a drug’s efficacy, from ...

innovator and generic drugs. Generic drugs may also have trade names, which manufacturers often use to establish brand recogniti ...

restricted approval for use in clinical testing, emer- gency treatment, or transportation across state lines. Typically the use ...

L–N legend drug In the United States, any DRUGthat requires a physician or other appropriately licensed health-care provider (su ...

substitution maintains therapeutically acceptable consistency for potency and EFFICACY. The current standard of practice calls f ...

O off-label use Taking a DRUGfor a purpose other than that for which it has received regulatory approval. In the United States t ...

unappealing to pharmaceutical manufacturers. The ODA establishes mechanisms of financial sup- port for pharmaceutical manufactur ...