Facts on File Encyclopedia of Health and Medicine

L–M lactose intolerance The inability to digest lac- tose, a disaccharide sugar in milk and other dairy products. Lactose intole ...

excessive nutrient consumption. The diagnostic path includes a comprehensive medical examina- tion, height and weight measuremen ...

BLOOD circulation. As well, 85 percent of the body’s phosphate is bound to calcium, most of it in the bones. Sodium, chloride, a ...

188 Nutrition and Diet ESSENTIAL MINERALS Mineral Dietary Sources Major Minerals (Macrominerals) calcium dairy products fortifie ...

formation of new tissues (including growth) and are crucial for oxidative reactions in the cells. The body requires iron to synt ...

N nutrient density The nutritional value of a par- ticular food, generally presented as an assessment of the quantity and qualit ...

hydrogen. Nutritionists further classify carbohy- drates as monosaccharides (single molecule), dis- accharides (two molecules), ...

configurations. Unsaturated fats, in moderation, appear to help lower blood cholesterol levels. Polyunsaturated fats include saf ...

tually metabolizes excess amino acids to glucose, glycogen, and fat. Though muscles in the body are primarily protein structures ...

nutritional deficiency Inadequate consumption of one or more key NUTRIENTS. Gastrointestinal dis- orders of MALABSORPTION, such ...

nutritional needs 195 Deficient Nutrient Health Conditions fluorine (fluoride) DENTAL CARIES(cavities) iodine GOITER HYPOTHYROID ...

physical exercise. Interactive food guide pyramid models are accessible at the USDA’s Web site (www.mypyramid.gov). The USDA pub ...

and disease, and recommendations continue to evolve. Many people integrate specific nutritional supplements with healthy EATING ...

P–R parenteral nutrition The intravenous adminis- tration of NUTRIENTS as a method of supplying appropriate sustenance to a pers ...

also affects neurons (NERVEcells) and the function- ing of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, resulting in behavioral disturbances, del ...

ticipate in these chemical changes. In combination with PARATHYROID HORMONE, calcitriol maintains a steady level of calcium in t ...

S–T satiety The sensation of fullness and satisfaction after eating a meal. Satiety represents a conver- gence of physical, phys ...

tain vitamin C, notably raw fruits and vegetables, helps maintain adequate intake. FOODS HIGH IN VITAMIN C bell peppers (especia ...

genetic disorder of lipid METABOLISMthat causes them to have high amounts of triglycerides in their blood circulation. Lipid-low ...

V vitamins and health Vitamins are organic micronutrients essential for health and the body’s proper growth, development, and fu ...