Facts on File Encyclopedia of Health and Medicine

HEPATITIS B and hepatitis C, particularly when donation circumvents usual donor screening and collection procedures to minimize ...

C caffeine A CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM stimulant. Though not commonly perceived as a DRUG of abuse, caffeine is the most widely use ...

pus regulates memory storage and retrieval for short-term memory. The cerebellum and basal ganglia coordinate and control volunt ...

ral hydrate may produce potentially fatal respira- tory depression. HEALTH RISKS OF CHLORAL HYDRATE ABUSE Short Term ARRHYTHMIA ...

HOLand smoke cigarettes, both of which affect fetal development, health consequences for infants born to cocaine-addicted mother ...

D delirium tremens A serious medical condition that may develop during withdrawal from ALCOHOL ADDICTION(ALCOHOLISM). The sympto ...

presence in the body. Because the body develops TOLERANCEto many drugs taken on a long-term basis (requiring a higher DOSEto ach ...

As substances of abuse, depressants produce INTOXICATIONwith initial euphoria and subsequent diminished cognitive function. Thos ...

HEALTH RISKS OF DEXTROMETHORPHAN ABUSE Short Term confusion disorientation double vision HALLUCINATION NAUSEAand VOMITING seizur ...

E–G ecstasy See METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE (MDMA). ethchlorvynol A sedating hypnotic DRUG, similar in physiologic action and ...

full-blown FAS. Doctors may call incomplete forms of FAS alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND) when symptoms are pr ...

Surgeon General in 2005 issued an advisory stat- ing that there is no safe threshold for alcohol con- sumption during pregnancy ...

H hallucinogens Psychoactive substances that alter the BRAIN’s perceptions of sensory experiences. Auditory and visual HALLUCINA ...

ingestion are chewing or eating dried plants or mushrooms or drinking liquid brewed from them. The potency and effect of natural ...

needle directly into a VEIN). Other means of using heroin are injecting it—intramuscular (into a MUS- CLE) or under the SKIN(sub ...

I illicit drug use Any use of substances not legal to possess. Many illicit drugs are “underground” drugs that individuals manuf ...

Needle exchange programs have become effec- tive public health tools for reducing communica- ble disease transmission among intr ...

K–M ketamine An intravenous anesthetic agent used primarily in veterinary medicine that has euphoric and hallucinogenic effects ...

harmful that it renders uninhabitable or unusable any structures (including homes, apartments, and motels) used for meth labs. C ...

N naltrexone A medication to treat opiate ADDIC- TION. Naltrexone binds with opiate receptors in the BRAIN, preventing opiate dr ...