Facts on File Encyclopedia of Health and Medicine

bariatric surgery 285 BARIATRIC OPERATIONS Operation Benefits Risks and Complications jejunoileal bypass rapid, significant, and ...

through several small incisions called ports and generally require less time in the operating room. The stay in the hospital aft ...

most commonly perform two types of gastric banding operations. Vertical gastric banding (VGB), also called verti- cal banded ga ...

chronic gastrointestinal discomfort; and gastric dumping syndrome, a reaction of the gastrointesti- nal tract to eating high con ...

Methods for measuring or approximating body fat percentage include BODY MASS INDEX(BMI), a mathematical formula based on weight ...

man who is 5 feet 8 inches tall and weighs 175 pounds has the same BMI as a woman who is 5 feet 8 inches tall and weighs 175 pou ...

C childhood obesity The development of unhealthy body weight due to excessive body fat before adulthood (age 18). Childhood OBES ...

LIPIDEMIA, OSTEOARTHRITIS, and the beginnings of ATHEROSCLEROSISin an increasing number of chil- dren, especially adolescents, w ...

D–E diet aids Products that claim to expedite weight loss. Diet aids may be products proclaimed as APPETITEsuppressants (decreas ...

may benefit from a doctor-supervised, short-term restrictive diet as part of an overall weight man- agement approach. However, t ...

means of controlling how much they eat, though this is a counterproductive effort because when they eat they are so hungry that ...

eating regular meals throughout the day that contain a balance of nutritious foods eating a small serving or portion of the des ...

L–N lean muscle mass The amount of body tissue that is lean MUSCLEin contrast to the percentage that is body fat. There is an in ...

gums are available over the counter as well as by prescription, depending on the strength (nicotine DOSE). With all nicotine rep ...

O obesity The circumstance of weighing 20 percent or greater in excess of ideal or healthy weight as a consequence of excessive ...

body fat percentage greater than 25 percent for men or 32 percent for women WAIST CIRCUMFERENCEgreater than 40 inches for men o ...

obesity and health Obesity reached the status of health crisis in the United States in the 1990s. In 2005, one third of American ...

Obesity and gallbladder disease Gallstones are three times more common in people who have obesity. Lipids and fatty acids in the ...

S smoking and health There are no health benefits and numerous health risks from cigarette smoking. In the 1940s few people, inc ...

BREAST CANCER, RENAL CANCER, STOMACH CANCER, and LIVER CANCER. The burning of a cigarette releases smoke that contains more than ...