Biophotonics_Concepts_to_Applications
5 :11 A PMT has 10 dynodes. At each dynode one incoming primary electron creates four secondary electrons. The PMT is used to de ...
J. Jiang, J.J. Pan, Y. H. Guo, G. Keiser, Model for analyzing manufacturing-induced internal stresses in 50-GHz DWDM multilayer ...
Chapter 6 Light-Tissue Interactions Abstract A fundamental challenge in biophotonics is to understand the interaction of light w ...
abnormal tissue conditions based on the interaction of light with tissue. Absorbed light can be converted into heat, be radiated ...
used in biophotonics. This process is the basis for procedures such as Raman vibrational spectroscopy and surface-enhanced Raman ...
6.1.1 Refraction in Ophthalmology. Refraction is of biophotonics interest when dealing with transparent tissues such as certain ...
glass, or crystalline materials is known asspecular reflection. In specular reflection the surface imperfections are smaller tha ...
monotonically and reaches a value of unity at 90°. This condition of unity reflec- tance means that the wave is traveling parall ...
6.1.3 Diffuse Reflection Diffuse reflectionresults from the reflection of light off of microscopically uneven surfaces for which ...
6.2 Absorption Light absorption in tissue depends on the molecular composition. Molecules will absorb light when the photon ener ...
falling on the object of cross-sectional area A and the amount of power Pabs absorbed from the incident beam. That is, the absor ...
depth d into the tissue. Note that the Beer-Lambert Law sometimes is called the Lambert-Beer Law, Lambert’s Law, or Beer’s Law. ...
Example 6.3Consider an epidermis skin tissue in which the absorption coefficient is 300 cm−^1 at 308 nm and 35 cm−^1 at 633 nm. ...
hair, and eyes their color. As shown in Fig.6.8, the absorption coefficient of melanin increases monotonically when moving from ...
Hb spectrum decreases monotonically with increasing wavelength and eventually intersects the HbO 2 spectrum at around 800 nm. Ex ...
Dðk 1 Þ¼Seoðk 1 ÞcdþðÞ 1 Sedðk 1 Þcd ð 6 : 7 Þ Dðk 2 Þ¼Seoðk 2 ÞcdþðÞ 1 Sedðk 2 Þcd ð 6 : 8 Þ By eliminating the factorcdand l ...
cavity inside the body), connective tissue, nervous tissue, and muscle tissue. Organs in the body are composed of a layered comb ...
As indicated in Fig.6.11, the sizes of scattering elements in biological tissue range from about 0.01 to 20μm. This corresponds ...
can be modeled fairly well by Mie theory applied to spheres of comparable size and refractive index. The Mie theory is somewhat ...
The inverse of the scattering coefficient is called thescattering mean free pathLs. Thus Ls¼ 1 =ls ð 6 : 13 Þ which represents t ...
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