Biophotonics_Concepts_to_Applications
Example 2.10Consider a plane wave that lies in the plane of incidence of an air-glass interface. What are the values of the refl ...
macroscopic optical properties of biological tissues. This is the basis of elastic scattering spectroscopy, also known as diffus ...
Solution: (a) The conditionφ=2πmeans that cosφ= 1, so that the two waves are in phase and interfere constructively. From Eq. (2. ...
Example 2.12What are the coherence time and coherence length of a white light laser, which emits in the range 380 nm to 700 nm? ...
l¼Qd ð 2 : 41 Þ A molecule that has a permanent dipole moment is called apolar molecule. Examples of polar molecules are water ( ...
Example 2.13What is the dipole moment of a water molecule? Solution: As Fig.2.14shows, water (H 2 O) is an asymmetric molecule i ...
in later chapters, these concepts play a major role in describing the amount of optical power that can be injected into afiber a ...
reflection when tanh 1 =n 2 =n 1 :(b) Show thath 1 þh 2 ¼ 90 at the Brewster angle. 2 :8 Consider the perpendicular and paralle ...
References F. Jenkins, H. White,Fundamentals of Optics, 4th edn. (McGraw-Hill, New York, 2002) B.E.A. Saleh, M.C. Teich,Fundame ...
Chapter 3 Optical Fibers for Biophotonics Applications Abstract Major challenges in biophotonics applications to the life scienc ...
are of interest to biophotonics, as Fig.1.6illustrates. Therefore, it is essential that biophotonics researchers and implementer ...
Table 3.1 Major categories of opticalfibers and their applications to biomedical research and clinical practice (J. Biomed. Opt. ...
the homogeneous wave equation in thefiber and the boundary condition at the waveguide surfaces can propagate along thefiber. Fig ...
index differenceor simply theindex difference. Typical values ofΔrange from 1 to 3 % for MMFs and from 0.2 to 1.0 % for SMFs. Be ...
As Sect.2.4describes, from Snell’s law the minimum or critical angleφcthat supports total internal reflection at the core-claddi ...
Example 3.1Consider a multimode step-index silicafiber that has a core refractive index n 1 = 1.480 and a cladding index n 2 = 1 ...
3.1.2 Modal Concepts. Whereas the geometrical optics ray approach gives a simple picture of how light is guided along afiber, mo ...
mode having a different V limit). The wavelength at which no higher-order modes exist in thefiber is called thecutoff wavelength ...
V 2 pa k n 1 ffiffiffiffiffiffi 2 D p ¼ 2 p 25 lm 1 : 480 0 : 860 lm ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiff ...
In this case, approximately 5 % of the optical power propagates in the cladding. IfΔis decreased to 0.03 in order to lower the s ...
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