Exercise for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment From Molecular to Clinical, Part 1
15 World Health Organisation (2012) Health statistics and information systems. Estimates for 2000–2012 disease burden. http://w ...
16 Thompson A, Danesh J (2006) Associations between apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein AI, the apolipoprotein B/AI ratio and coro ...
17 O’Donovan G, Lee IM, Hamer M et al (2017) Association of “weekend warrior” and other lei- sure time physical activity patter ...
18 El-Sayed MS, El-Sayed Ali Z, Ahmadizad S (2004) Exercise and training effects on blood haemostasis in health and disease: an ...
Part II Cardiac Exercise Physiology ...
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2017 21 J. Xiao (ed.), Exercise for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment, Advanc ...
22 Abbreviations MET metabolic exercise training LV left ventricle RV right ventricle LA left atrium RA right atrium AoR aortic ...
23 oxygen demand of tissues [ 2 ]. Strength training (or isometric exercise, such as weightlifting, wrestling or throwing heavy ...
24 or incomplete RBBB can be considered an adaptation finding of the athlete’s heart if other pathological signs are absent. Inp ...
25 Recent studies demonstrated a significant reduction of RV fractional area change of 12–32% and of the TAPSE of 4–22% during t ...
26 1.2 Chronic Changes in Right Ventricle in the Long Term Exercise RV adaptations are more evident in endurance exercise that d ...
27 athletes versus controls, while all 2D and 3D systolic indexes were comparable in both group [ 2 ]. Therefore, a “mild” reduc ...
28 2 Right Atrium The normal RA is an oval chamber that supports the filling of the RV and represents a “passive conduit” to the ...
29 3 Left Atrium LA has an oval shape and is located in the back position of the other chambers in the mediastinum. The adaptati ...
30 [ 36 , 37 ]. They have been also applied to the study of LA remodeling in athletes. The aim of this technique is to distingui ...
31 sion, in a recent observational study, D’Andrea et al. [ 40 ] examined 615 trained athletes and found LA mild enlargement (LA ...
32 LA function is an important part of cardiac cycle to determine an adequate LV filling. In a study conducted by D’Andrea and c ...
33 involved in high endurance training [ 30 , 53 ]. Tipically, this arrhythmia is paroxys- mal self limiting AF and occurs durin ...
34 the correct diagnosis. If HCM is suspected, some criteria should be considered as the presence of left outflow tract obstruct ...
35 In a group of 1309 athletes of different disciplines, 55% had an increased LV end-diastolic diameter and 14% of endurance ath ...
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