The Evolution of Pragmatic Markers in English Pathways of Change
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127 5 Epistemic Parentheticals 5.1 Introduction Among the best- studied comment clauses in Present- day English are paren- theti ...
128 Epistemic Parentheticals and should be accorded to, the statement to which they are conjoined” (485). Similarly, Benveniste ...
5.2 First-Person Epistemic Parentheticals in PDE 129 ( 2007 ) argue that there are in fact three types of CTPs. The type discuss ...
130 Epistemic Parentheticals “shield” function (marking speaker tentativeness, uncertainty, or lack of com- mitment), (b) an app ...
5.2 First-Person Epistemic Parentheticals in PDE 131 As epistemic markers, modal verbs thus may be used to express a range of me ...
132 Epistemic Parentheticals singular subjects are common (28% of all subjects). Moreover, they are used most frequently with ve ...
5.2 First-Person Epistemic Parentheticals in PDE 133 their primary meaning, not only as a pragmatic inference” raises two ques- ...
134 Epistemic Parentheticals similar objections to the use of expect (s.v. expect , v., def. 5) as a synonym for suppose “witho ...
5.3 History of Epistemic Parentheticals 135 ( 1982 : 161, 170) argues that while forms such as I guess are used in writ- ing p ...
136 Epistemic Parentheticals fossilizes in the fi rst person and present tense by about 1500 and is used to express epistemic or ...
5.3 History of Epistemic Parentheticals 137 occasionally during this period. The “bare” parenthetical increases in the sev- ente ...
138 Epistemic Parentheticals fi ne- grained pictures of each expression, informed by detailed study of their contemporary usage” ...
5.4 Epistemic Marking in Middle English 139 dorste swere ‘I dare swear’ in Chaucer as contributing to the tone of “an easy and i ...
140 Epistemic Parentheticals Table 5.1 First- person epistemic parentheticals in Middle English Earliest dictionary citation Per ...
5.4 Epistemic Marking in Middle English 141 While a number of these verbs are quite rare, the i guess , i suppose , i trow , i u ...
142 Epistemic Parentheticals b. “Be my faythe,” seyde Arthure, “here ar good knyghtes as I deme as ony be in the worlde” (a1470 ...
5.4 Epistemic Marking in Middle English 143 ‘That I put no stock in laxatives, for they are poisonous, I know it well’ o. I may ...
144 Epistemic Parentheticals Below are Chaucerian examples of adverbs (3) and adverbial phrases (4) expressing certainty. Examp ...
5.5 First-Person Epistemic Parentheticals in Chaucer 145 c. So evene were they chosen, for to gesse. (1387– 1400 Chaucer, CT A.K ...
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