The Evolution of Pragmatic Markers in English Pathways of Change
66 Old English Hwæt both Chaucer (see Oizumi 1991– 1992) and Shakespeare (see Spevack 1969 ), as exemplifi ed in (21). Note that ...
67 (22) a. I said to them, ‘ What! Are you crazy? It’s my brother. I would never shoot him.’ (2015 Ferraro Deretchin, Two armies ...
68 Old English Hwæt b. And spak unto his wyf, and seyde anon,/ “ What! Alison! Herestow nat Absolon,/ That chaunteth thus under ...
69 2.7 Development of What it is not completely independent syntactically) and it is either surrounded or followed by pauses. Be ...
70 Old English Hwæt 1969 : 1547– 1548). This suggestion seems to be based in part upon the use of hwæt to translate Latin senten ...
71 temporal succession. Such a development has been documented for since < siþþan ‘from the time that’ and now < nu ‘from ...
Propositional Textual Interpersonal OE interrogativepronoun interrogative complementizer hwæt þa(contextual implication) hwæt (s ...
73 2.8 Conclusion The development of textual and interpersonal functions in hwæt is conso- nant with many of the syntactic chang ...
74 Old English Hwæt argument of this chapter has been that the textual and interpersonal functions of hwæt/ what in Old and Midd ...
75 3 Middle English Whilom 3.1 Introduction A reader of Middle English narrative, especially of Chaucer and Gower, will certain ...
76 Middle English Whilom 3.2 Traugott’s Account of While In a series of articles, Elizabeth Traugott has cited while as a “parad ...
77 3.2 Traugott’s Account of While Examples of the development of while taken from Traugott ( 1995b : 40– 41) are the following: ...
78 Middle English Whilom The development of while is atypical of grammaticalization, however, in that while remains an autonomou ...
79 3.3 Evolution of Whilom archaizing tendencies lead to 116 uses of whilom in his texts (see Osgood 1915 ). For the modern peri ...
80 Middle English Whilom to the reading ‘formerly’ (see below). Throughout Old and Middle English, whilom may occur in correlate ...
81 (5) a. 1100: Ðider com in gangan hwilon an meretrix ... (c1175 History of the holy rood- tree 408– 09 [HC]) ‘formerly a prost ...
82 Middle English Whilom Whilom has also developed pragmatic (non- referential) functions as a marker of textual structure. Here ...
83 j. Whylome , when IRELAND fl orished in fame (1590– 96 Spenser, Fairie queene VII.vi.38.1) ‘Once upon a time, when Ireland fl ...
84 Middle English Whilom over which it has scope. In other words, it acquires more sentence- adverbial or conjunctive- like qual ...
85 it often introduces exempla or stories that have universal appeal (i.e., that could be conceived of as occurring more than on ...
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