The Evolution of Pragmatic Markers in English Pathways of Change
86 Middle English Whilom as whilom , consisting of erst (the superlative of OE ǣ r ‘formerly’; see Brinton 2012 ) plus while. We ...
87 (10) a. All them that had arte or parte of the slaughter..of whylum William, Earle of Douglas, my brother. (1452 in P. F. Tyt ...
88 Middle English Whilom such as the following, where whilom is indeterminate between adverbial and adjectival readings: (12) a. ...
3.4 Accounting for the Change 89 persistence is evident in the continued semantic meaning of ‘formerly’ in the new adjectival fo ...
90 Middle English Whilom In the broadest terms, unidirectionality in grammaticalization is seen as a change from less to more gr ...
3.4 Accounting for the Change 91 and adverbs comprise the “intermediate category.” In respect to categoriality, adjectives would ...
92 Middle English Whilom through discourse use into a grammatical item, and then into an even more grammatical item, and that th ...
3.4 Accounting for the Change 93 If we adopt the view that lexicalization does in fact involve changes from grammatical word to ...
94 Middle English Whilom “marginal” (see also Marchand 1969 : 359ff.).^24 The relatively rare conversion of a minor (closed, gra ...
3.5 Conclusion 95 word class. Adjectives and nouns share the same distributional property, the ability to premodify nouns, and “ ...
96 Middle English Whilom predicatively or take adjectival affi xes); moreover, it is unclear that the shift from adverb > adj ...
97 4 Modern English Only and If Only 4.1 Introduction In Present- day English, only is typically used as an adjective (e.g., the ...
98 Modern English Only and If Only (2) a. The system knew my name. I’d made it. Only , I couldn’t feel excited about that (2010 ...
99 4.2 Conjunctive Only in PDE However, a different sense of conjunctive only is found in the examples in (4). In these instance ...
100 Modern English Only and If Only Longman (s.v. only ) sees it as occurring before limiting conditions and unfortunate events ...
101 (7) a. Each by the other would have done the like But that they lack’d the courage. (1859 Taylor, Sicilian summer II. iii [O ...
102 Modern English Only and If Only with resistance expressed to both the adversative and exceptive uses of con- junctive only. ...
103 c. I didn’t understand drinking, only that the price was unbearable, (2010 The Antioch Review [COCA]) d. I didn’t know what ...
104 Modern English Only and If Only A fi nal way in which conjunctive only can be seen as a pragmatic marker is that it contribu ...
105 4.3 Development of Only ‘the twenty- second day is unlucky to begin work upon, except to buy and to sell’ d. for I yow nough ...
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