Wrestling with Nature From Omens to Science

70 McGinnis tain accidental changes in motion and heat prepare matter such that it is impressed with a nature or form by a separ ...

Natural Knowledge in the Arabic Middle Ages 71 to indicate what he considered to be an aberration of the moderns which, he claim ...

72 McGinnis really distinct, when in fact they are merely conceptually different. For example, if one considers an actually exis ...

Natural Knowledge in the Arabic Middle Ages 73 principle of that thing’s actions and motions. In contrast, the dominant position ...

74 McGinnis The thing itself inevitably is specifi ed by a certain description by which it is distinguished from other [things], ...

Natural Knowledge in the Arabic Middle Ages 75 falsafa tradition took the existence of natures, understood as causes of species- ...

76 McGinnis interpretations—whether the natural causation of falsafa or the occasion- alism of kala ̄m—are underdetermined, shou ...

Natural Knowledge in the Arabic Middle Ages 77 ing in the falsafa tradition, the answer initially seems to have been that God cr ...

78 McGinnis while in the West these very points of similarity were seen as part of a scientifi c outlook that helped bring about ...

Natural Knowledge in the Arabic Middle Ages 79 Institut für Geschichte der arabisch- islamischen Wissenschaften, 1999) (emphasis ...

80 McGinnis Egyptian Book Organization, 1969), XIV; and The Metaphysics of The Healing, ed. and trans. Michael E. Marmura (Provo ...

Natural Knowledge in the Arabic Middle Ages 81 Movement in Baghdad and Early ‘Abba ̄sid Society (2nd- 4th / 8th- 10th centuries) ...

82 McGinnis outlook to replace Aristotelian forms as a causal explanation. So, for example, they would affi rm that the wine is ...

83 In the rough millennium between Boëthius (d. 524 CE) and Regiomonta- nus (d. 1476 CE), the inquiry into nature in Europe chan ...

84 Shank cal rather than theoretical: the diffusion of agricultural improvements in particular transformed the economy and the s ...

Natural Knowledge in the Latin Middle Ages 85 Hellenistic mathematical sciences, which only the best- educated Romans could read ...

86 Shank usually treated knowledge of nature in terms borrowed from the Greek. Vitruvius (d. 25 BCE) used the terms physica (nat ...

Natural Knowledge in the Latin Middle Ages 87 istotle into Latin, he completed several of Aristotle’s logical works and Euclid’s ...

88 Shank related devices such as the abacus, would typify the hands- on quadrivium teaching of the eleventh century. The same er ...

Natural Knowledge in the Latin Middle Ages 89 sisted that, in fulfi lling his mandate of supplying the missing explanation, the ...