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behaviour and life history to increase its transmission and that these changes would be dependent on the developmental stage of ...

Coleman and Edman (1988) suggested that the number of landings on the lesions was not significantly greater than on an uninfecte ...

Packer (1996) showed that individual A. punctulatus infected with P. falciparumorP. vivaxsporozoites in Papua New Guinea fed max ...

by the trypanosomes attaching directly to mechanoreceptors on the tsetse-fly labrum and physically blocking them, thus impairing ...

Longevity A number of studies have been carried out to investigate the effect of parasitic infection on the longevity of the vec ...

Anderson, R.A., Koella, J.C. and Hurd, H.H. (1999) The effect ofPlasmodium yoelii nigeriensisinfection on the feeding persistenc ...

Davies, C.R. (1990) Interrupted feeding of blood-sucking insects: causes and effects.Parasitology Today6, 19–22. Davies, S., Spa ...

Garrett-Jones, C. and Shidrawi, G.R. (1969) Malaria vectorial capacity of a population ofAnopheles gambiae.Bulletin of the World ...

Klein, T.A., Harrison, B.A., Grove, J.S., Dixon, S.V. and Andre, R.G. (1986) Correlation of the survival rates ofAnopheles dirus ...

Trypanosoma congolenseorT. vivaxunder laboratory conditions.Medical and Veterinary Entomology14, 290–299. Molyneux, D.H., Lavin, ...

Rossignol, P.A., Ribeiro, J.M.C., Jungery, M., Turell, M.J., Spielman, A. and Bailey, C.L. (1985) Enhanced mosquito blood-findin ...

Vale, G.A. (1980) Flight as a factor in the host-finding behaviour of tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae).Bulletin of Entomologi ...

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Parasite Virulence Parasite Virulence 14 Jos J. Schall Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA T ...

Thompson, 2000). These examples suggest that virulence may be a ‘life-history trait’ of the parasite and is part of the adaptive ...

For those with medical or veterinary interests, virulence is any harm done to the host by another organism (usually limiting dis ...

Selection and Virulence – from the Host’s Perspective For the host, virulence is any consequence of infection that reduces the h ...

including smaller body size, production of fewer eggs per clutch and shorter lifespan. Intuition suggests that this genotype rem ...

that the pockets function to draw ectoparasites away from areas of the body where they could be more harmful. Immune-system cell ...

have been proposed – see below), and even more rarely is it actually tested (Mackinnon and Read, 1999a). The assumption that hig ...