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anteriorly (Sukhdeo and Croll, 1981b). Habitat selection by the infective larvae ofH. polygyrusis similar to that inT. spiralis, ...

Nevertheless, it is still important for its heuristic value in defining the way in which questions on habitat selection should b ...

in the notion of optimality. The idea of optimal behaviour was based on a 1960s concept of the gene as an orderly library of ada ...

Chitwood, 1937), but, in fact, their mouth-parts are never near any blood source (Lee and Wright, 1978). Clearly, we need to be ...

(Anderson and May, 1991). Small changes in microhabitat choice might mediate this process, but this is unlikely. There are easie ...

fundamentally from microparasites. Microparasites destroy tissue during replication, and thus their virulence is directly relate ...

accidentally ingested the skin penetrators, who became oral infectors but retained their migration through the host, and thus th ...

more work is needed, and the growing accessibility of molecular and other analytical tools portends an exciting future. Referenc ...

Bone, L.W. and Shorey, H.H. (1977) Interactive influences of male and female pro- duced pheromones on male attraction to femaleN ...

Durette-Desset, M.-C. (1985) Trichostrongyloid nematodes and their vertebrate hosts: reconstruction of the phylogeny of a parasi ...

Lee, T.D.G. and Wright, K.A. (1978) The morphology of the attachment and probable feeding site of the nematodeTrichuris muris(Sc ...

Rohde, K. (1977) A non-competitive mechanism responsible for restricting niches. Zoologischer Anzeiger199, 164–172. Rohde, K. (1 ...

Sukhdeo, M.V.K. and Mettrick, D.F. (1984) Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematoda): distribution and net fluxes of glucose, H 2 O, N ...

Parasite Manipulation of Host Behaviour Parasite Manipulation of Host 12 Behaviour Robert Poulin Department of Zoology, Universi ...

One of the founding fathers of behavioural ecology, Niko Tinbergen (1963), proposed that there are four ways of answering the qu ...

their insect hosts go to places where the release and dispersal of fungal spores will be facilitated (Evans, 1988; Maitland, 199 ...

246 R. Poulin 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0123456 Effect of parasites on host behaviour Frequency n = 107 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 ...

about the combinations likely to maximize the net reproductive output. This approach has been particularly fruitful in the area ...

mathematical treatment is given in Brown (1999) and more detailed disussion is presented elsewhere (Poulin, 1994, 1998b), but th ...

quantitative predictions. Given that the bulk of the published empirical work on host manipulation by parasites consists of inve ...