PARASITOLOGY
n 1.3.4 TOXINS Many of the toxins produced by parasites are waste products of their metabolism and are simply excreted and depos ...
n 1.4.1 PATHOLOGY DUE TO HOST RESPONSE There are only few diseases caused by the types of parasites already outlined that result ...
represent different phases of the life history. It is often referred to as ‘alternation of generations’ but unlike a similar phe ...
divide by fission. After a period of time some of the daughter parasites encyst and are then expelled from the host via the faec ...
Female forms penetrate the intestinal villi and eventually produce eggs. Parasitic males are apparently unable to penetrate the ...
n 1.5.6 ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION WITH INTERNAL ACCUMULATION BUT NO SEXUAL REPRODUCTION AND NO EXTERNAL PHASE n Trypanosomidae (extra ...
n 1.5.9 LIFE-CYCLES USING THREE HOSTS The trematode Paragonimus westermaniadult lives in the lungs of dogs, cats and man. The eg ...
INTRODUCTION TO PARASITOLOGY (indirect life-cycles) and each parasite has a multiplicative phase which can occur at various stag ...
2 Protozoa n 2.1 THE CLASSIFICATION OF PARASITIC PROTOZOA The protozoa are large collection of organisms that have only one thin ...
PROTOZOA nMultiple fission, numerous nuclear divisions precede rapid splitting of the cytoplasm into many individuals. nBudding, ...
Basal body Kinetoplast Glycosomes Nucleus Marginal flagellum Undulating membrane Free flagellum Mitochodrion Mature Trypanosoma ...
Multiflagellates n Trichomonas vaginalis(single host), lives within the vagina, prostrate and urethra; transmitted via sexual in ...
All the members of this phylum are endoparasites. At certain stages in the life-cycle all individuals possess an apical complex ...
In such cells the parasites undergo development, reproduction and escape to invade similar non-infected cells. Erythrocytes, and ...
gut but also function in absorbing digested soluble nutrients from the gut lumen. These cells are ideal for an intracellular gut ...
T. cruzihas overcome two problems. Firstly it avoids the host’s response by ‘hiding’ within cells where it multiplies and then i ...
PLATYHELMINTHS n 3.1 MAIN CHARACTERISTICS n Three body layers: ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm without a body cavity; aceolomate ...
n All adult forms are endoparasites inhabiting the gut or gut derivative of a vertebrate. n They have no ciliated epidermis and ...
3.8.1 Prominent features n The adult has an elongated tape-like body divided into proglottids. n The absence of a gut in both th ...
Cyclophyllidea. At the very tip of the scolex of the Cyclophyllidea there may be a retractable ring of hooks, the rostellum. Beh ...
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