PARASITOLOGY

EPIDEMIOLOGY Epidemiology is the study of the distribution of diseases in a particular community or dis- trict. A variety as wel ...

disease. In addition, identifying one particular parasite within an individual does not indicate whether or not he/she has any o ...

The areas chosen had similar-sized populations, with similar sex ratios and age dis- tributions. The surveyors often encountered ...

EPIDEMIOLOGY from Lusaka was 3% in the urban areas, but 27% in the rural areas; and over 97% of these children were found to hav ...

PARASITOLOGY age and medical history such as: schistosomiasis symptoms; abdominal pain; diarrhoea (more than three bowel movemen ...

From such studies various ways of controlling the infection can be considered, such as reducing the level of faecal contaminatio ...

VACCINES n 9.1 THE IDEAL VACCINE Until quite recently the only commercially available anti-parasite vaccine was Dictal (develope ...

is usually part of the outer membrane (as in most protozoa) or the tegument (as in the trematodes and cestodes) or the cuticle ( ...

enhances the immune response and is administered in combination with the vaccine. Adjuvants are often used when the antigen has ...

VACCINES tion of living bacteria, the host’s immune system may not be able to contain them and they could then spread round the ...

PARASITOLOGY causing any of the disease symptoms. The response is an adaptive immune response, the memory of which is retained. ...

ASPECTS OF MALARIA The disease malaria is caused by the protozoan parasites belonging to genus Plasmodium. There are four specie ...

It is now established that antigenic variation occurs in Plasmodiuminfections but, unlike the African trypanosomes (T. brucei), ...

ASPECTS OF MALARIA the synthetic antigens did not associate with the MHC molecules on the macrophages and hence were not recogni ...

Further evidence of the importance of secreted cytokines in protecting the host is the detection of raised circulation levels of ...

There is evidence to show that subsequent generations of the parasite (after asexual multiplication) have mechanisms to alter th ...

n A synthetic dodecapeptide (Asn-Ala-Asn-Pro) 3 conjugated to the tetanus toxoid. This represents the part of the epitope of P. ...

ASPECTS OF MALARIA n 10.6.4 MEROZOITE STAGE VACCINES The ‘signet ring’ trophozoite stage develops within the erythrocytes into s ...

Question 10.3 What are the main obstacles to developing an anti-malarial vaccine? Question 10.4 Describe the effector mechanisms ...

Supplementary reading General Cox, F.E.G. (ed.) (1996) Modern Parasitology: A Textbook of Parasitology. Published by Blackwell. ...