PARASITOLOGY
PARASITOLOGY n The merozoites burst out of the host cell and invade fresh epithelial cells. After several asexual multiplicative ...
n The resting stage is an oval cyst with four nuclei that lacks certain subcellular organelles (mainly hydrogenosomes) and has a ...
a certain level, the process of schizogony and the subsequent liberation of merozoites becomes synchronised and periodic. P. mal ...
membrane. This stage remains extracellular in the blood and body fluids and mul- tiplies asexually by binary fission. n After nu ...
n Lesions form in the host’s skin close to the site of the insect bite and most infected cells remain in the vicinity of the les ...
n The new merozoites are released and attach to a non-infected epithelial cell before becom- ing internalised. Within the new ce ...
PARASITOLOGY n Development of the worm takes place within the subcutaneous tissues of the human host. The adult females can grow ...
n The infective stage larvae are released into the wound as the fly feeds. Once in the host’s subcutaneous tissues they moult an ...
migrates from the gut mucosa into and through the epithelium to be distributed round the body. Skeletal muscle is the common des ...
PARASITE EXAMPLES GROUPED ACCORDING TO LIFE-CYCLE or lungs, where it settles and develops into a hydatid cyst (the metacestode s ...
n 4.7.2TAENIA CRASSICEPS The adult T. crasscicepslives in the gut of a fox (Vulpes vulpes). It has a scolex with four suckers an ...
The tegument of the adult worm differs in each species. S. mansonihas a tegument covered with papillae, in S. haematobiumthe pap ...
Egg granuloma in liver Gut Eggs pass out in faeces Miracidium hatches out from egg Miracidium penetrates snail Sporocyst develop ...
is found wherever there is intensive sheep farming and relatively damp conditions. Sheep is the dominant definitive host but man ...
Question 4.9 Name parasites that have two hosts but no multiplicative phase in the intermediate host. Question 4.10 What develop ...
5 Introduction to Host Response Each vertebrate host is a multicellular organism composed of tens of millions of cells. Most cel ...
PARASITOLOGY n 5.1 INNATE IMMUNITY The innate immune system probably came into existence once multicellular organisms evolved. A ...
INTRODUCTION TO HOST RESPONSE However and wherever a pathogen gains entry into the tissues, it will be attacked by one of the ma ...
PARASITOLOGY n The major requirement is that the operative cells of the innate immune system can dis- tinguish between self and ...
INTRODUCTION TO HOST RESPONSE compounds, most notably histamine. The products of the degranulated mast cells, mainly histamine, ...
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