Human Physiology, 14th edition (2016)

538 Chapter 16 expiration ( table 16.1 ), causing the lungs to stick to the chest and thereby produce changes in lung volume as ...

Respiratory Physiology 539 decreases in size, its surface tension (the numerator in the equa- tion) is decreased at the same tim ...

540 Chapter 16 required for subsequent breaths. However, if the baby is pre- mature and its lungs have not matured sufficiently ...

Respiratory Physiology 541 The thorax must be sufficiently rigid to protect vital organs and provide attachments for a number of ...

542 Chapter 16 lung capacity is equal to the sum of two or more lung volumes. During quiet breathing, for example, the amount of ...

Respiratory Physiology 543 no gas exchange occurs. Air within the anatomical dead space has a lower oxygen concentration and a h ...

544 Chapter 16 the volume of air in the dead space is an anatomical constant, the percentage of fresh air entering the alveoli i ...

Respiratory Physiology 545 Clinical Investigation CLUES Peter is a smoker and has asthma, and he had a low FEV 1 measurement. H ...

546 Chapter 16 directly caused by COPD, other pathological changes may occur. These include pneumonia, pulmonary emboli (traveli ...

Respiratory Physiology 547 Calculation of P O 2 With increasing altitude, the total atmospheric pressure and the partial pressur ...

548 Chapter 16 on (1) the solubility of the gas in the fluid, which is a physical constant; (2) the temperature of the fluid—mor ...

Respiratory Physiology 549 Figure 16.20 The relationship between alveoli and blood vessels. The extensive area of contact betwee ...

550 Chapter 16 delivery to the tissues, although it would have little effect on the total oxygen content of blood. An electrode ...

Respiratory Physiology 551 resistance. The pulmonary circulation, in other words, is a low- resistance, low-pressure pathway. Th ...

552 Chapter 16 Oxygen Toxicity Although breathing 100% oxygen at one or two atmospheres pressure can be safely tolerated for a f ...

Respiratory Physiology 553 16.5 REGULATION OF BREATHING The motor neurons that stimulate the respiratory muscles are controlled ...

554 Chapter 16 fluid, and in the P^ CO 2 , pH, and P^ O 2 of the blood. There are two groups of chemoreceptors that respond to c ...

Respiratory Physiology 555 bodies send sensory information to the medulla in the vagus nerve (X); the carotid bodies stimulate s ...

556 Chapter 16 chemoreceptors. Carbon dioxide in the arterial blood can cross the blood-brain barrier and lower the pH of cerebr ...

Respiratory Physiology 557 low P^ O 2 (so ventilation is increased at a high altitude, for exam- ple) and is decreased by a high ...