Human Physiology, 14th edition (2016)

498 Chapter 15 Figure 15.3 Life cycle of the human immuno- deficiency virus (HIV). This virus contains RNA rather than DNA. Afte ...

The Immune System 499 some viral infections, by secreting antibodies into the blood and lymph. Because blood and lymph are body ...

500 Chapter 15 Macrophages and mast cells (discussed shortly), which are resi- dent in the tissue, release a number of cytokines ...

The Immune System 501 Histamine and heparin, together with protease enzymes important in inflammation, are stored in granules wi ...

502 Chapter 15 (see fig. 15.1 ). These and various cytokines promote the recruit- ment of monocytes to the infection site, where ...

The Immune System 503 A lymphocyte circulates throughout the body, going from one secondary lymphoid organ to another until it e ...

504 Chapter 15 IgG subclass, whereas IgA is the most abundant subclass in the secretions of mucosal membranes. For example, IgA ...

The Immune System 505 The amino acid sequences of some antibodies have been determined through the analysis of antibodies sample ...

506 Chapter 15 the complement proteins can be subdivided into three com- ponents: (1) recognition (C1); (2) activation (C4, C2, ...

The Immune System 507 15.3 FUNCTIONS OF T LYMPHOCYTES Killer T cells effect cell-mediated destruction of spe- cific victim cells ...

508 Chapter 15 inappropriately vigorous functioning of regulatory T lympho- cytes may also promote disease. This is suggested by ...

The Immune System 509 T cells and promote cell-mediated immunity against intra- cellular pathogens. The lymphokines secreted by ...

510 Chapter 15 T Cell Receptor Proteins The antigens recognized by B lymphocytes may be either pro- teins or carbohydrates, but ...

The Immune System 511 people are related, the closer the match between their histocom- patibility antigens. Interactions Between ...

512 Chapter 15 the foreign antigen-MHC class-1 complex also stimulates pro- liferation of those killer T cells. In addition, pro ...

The Immune System 513 Figure 15.17 Interactions between antigen-presenting cells, helper T cells, and killer T cells. (1) An ant ...

514 Chapter 15 Some tumor cells, unfortunately, have also been found to produce FAS ligand, which may defend the tumor from immu ...

The Immune System 515 concentrations in the blood during this primary response reach a plateau in a few days and decline after a ...

516 Chapter 15 produced by the primary response have disappeared. Immu- nizations, therefore, seem to produce a type of “learnin ...

The Immune System 517 ability of antigen-presenting cells to activate B and T lympho- cyte responses. For example, when adjuvant ...