Human Physiology, 14th edition (2016)

578 Chapter 16 16.8 Acid-Base Balance of the Blood 567 A. The normal pH of arterial blood is 7.40, with a range of 7.35 to 7.45. ...

Respiratory Physiology 579 Erythropoietin is produced by a. the kidneys. c. the lungs. b. the liver. d. the bone marrow. The ...

580 Chapter 16 Describe the formation, composition, and function of pulmonary surfactant. What happens when surfactant is absen ...

581 Refresh Your Memory Before you begin this chapter, you may want to review these concepts from previous chapters: ■ Diffusion ...

582 17.1 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE KIDNEYS Each kidney contains many tiny tubules that empty into a cavity drained by the ur ...

Physiology of the Kidneys 583 Loop of Henle Proximal convoluted Collecting tubule duct Distal convoluted tubule Glomerular capsu ...

584 Chapter 17 stimulate muscarinic ACh receptors in the detrusor muscle. As discussed in chapter 9, newer drugs that block spec ...

Physiology of the Kidneys 585 A number of interlobular arteries radiate from the arcuate arteries into the cortex and subdivide ...

586 Chapter 17 filtrate that enters the urinary tubules. The blood remaining in a glomerulus leaves through an efferent arteriol ...

Physiology of the Kidneys 587 lying immediately outside the capillary endothelium. This may offer some barrier to plasma protein ...

588 Chapter 17 under pressure—the hydrostatic pressure of the blood. This process is similar to the formation of tissue fluid by ...

Physiology of the Kidneys 589 Figure 17.10 The formation of glomerular ultrafiltrate. Only a very small proportion of plasma pro ...

590 Chapter 17 Although about 180 L of glomerular ultrafiltrate are produced each day, the kidneys normally excrete only 1 to 2 ...

Physiology of the Kidneys 591 cells are permeable to Cl^2. The Cl^2 here can be passively reab- sorbed by paracellular transport ...

592 Chapter 17 interstitial fluid in the renal medulla is raised to more than four times that of plasma by juxtamedullary nephro ...

Physiology of the Kidneys 593 however, permeable to water. Because the surrounding inter- stitial fluid is hypertonic to the fil ...

594 Chapter 17 a maximally concentrated renal medulla. This helps to improve the ability of the kidneys to concentrate urine whi ...

Physiology of the Kidneys 595 thin ascending limbs of the nephron loops ( fig. 17.17 ). These structures recycle urea so that it ...

596 Chapter 17 the number of aquaporins (water channels) in the plasma mem- branes of the collecting duct epithelial cells. The ...

Physiology of the Kidneys 597 reabsorbed. A decrease in ADH, conversely, results in less reab- sorption of water and thus in the ...