Evolution, 4th Edition

T HE EvoluTion of GEnEs And GEnomEs 359 you start reading.) Overlapping genes are found in viruses and bacteria, and much more r ...

360 CHAPTER 14 chromosomes for transmission to the egg. Whether the fused or unfused chro- mosomes win this battle depends on wh ...

THE EvoluTion of GEnEs And GEnomEs 361 are responsible [36]. First, an inversion is produced when a chromosome breaks at two pla ...

362 CHAPTER 14 Genomes large and small The staggering diversity seen across the tree of life extends all the way down to the lev ...

T HE EvoluTion of GEnEs And GEnomEs 363 genome, which is called Alu, is about 300 bp long (see Figure 12.12). Each of us has mor ...

364 CHAPTER 14 coding sequence or its proper expression. A second problem for the host is that two copies of a TE at different p ...

T HE EvoluTion of GEnEs And GEnomEs 365 Supercompact genomes have evolved in the world’s most abundant organisms by yet another ...

summARY ■■n ew genes are an important source of evolution- ary novelty and adaptation. The most common origin of new genes in eu ...

neutral theory of molecular evolution operon overlapping gene paralog pseudogene purifying selection retrotransposition subfunct ...

15_EVOL4E_CH15.indd 368 3/22/17 1:30 PM ...

“In my possession are two little embryos in spirit [alcohol], whose names I have omitted to attach, and at present I am quite un ...

370 CHAPTER 15 have separate female and male flowers, but in many such species, a flower has the sexual parts of the other sex, ...

EvoluTion And dEvEloPmEnT 371 Comparative development and Evolution In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, biologists ...

372 CHAPTER 15 Such changes account for a great deal of morphological evolution. For example, an increased rate of elongation of ...

EvoluTion And dEvEloPmEnT 373 body. Heterotopic differences among species are very common in plants (FIGURE 15.4A,B). In vertebr ...

374 CHAPTER 15 by such modules, called individualization [50, 82]. For instance, during the evolution of mammals, teeth became d ...

EvoluTion And dEvEloPmEnT 375 phenotypes. These ideas were very similar to what was later learned about the developmental transi ...

376 CHAPTER 15 mechanisms also affect the expression of genes and their products. One is DNA methylation. In some organisms, suc ...

EvoluTion And dEvEloPmEnT 377 (alternative splicing). As we discussed in C hapter 14, a large fraction of genes may have alterna ...

378 CHAPTER 15 Hox genes and the genetic toolkit Long before DNA was identified as the basis of heredity, geneticists had descri ...