Boundaries-Prelims.indd
362 Boundaries and Beyond also to construct functional networks connecting the sea and the interior, other port cities and the d ...
Expanding Possibilities 363 for the Nanyang trade in Fujian.^42 This also led to a distinction between two types of vessels in F ...
364 Boundaries and Beyond south-bound junk (nan cao). They shipped goods to Zhangzhou, Nan’ao and places in Guangdong. The north ...
Expanding Possibilities 365 Guangdong coast and in Hainan Island. They could visit all these places in three days’ sail.^50 Asid ...
366 Boundaries and Beyond In 1757 (22nd year of the Qianlong Emperor, r. 1736‒95), the Qing Court designated Canton the only por ...
Expanding Possibilities 367 prosperity of the port city. He describes Amoy and its inhabitants in the following words: Its excel ...
368 Boundaries and Beyond Commodities from Guizhou were composed of metals, medical herbs, tobacco and musk. From Sichuan came g ...
Expanding Possibilities 369 extensive trade into the interior. A European resident in Canton was amazed by the considerable amou ...
370 Boundaries and Beyond If this was broadly typically of the year as a whole, Shanghai was already one of the leading ports of ...
Expanding Possibilities 371 Quanzhou, Hangzhou and Yangzhou. Chinese overseas trade prospered in the Song dynasty (Ćĉ 960‒1279). ...
372 Boundaries and Beyond restricted the number of junks going to Manila to 88 a year, but raised the βigure to 110 soon after. ...
Expanding Possibilities 373 The trade peaked in the βirst half of the eighteenth century, when the arriving junks numbered betwe ...
374 Boundaries and Beyond Batavia.^80 The Amoy junks of 1,000 to 1,200 tons each were larger than the other Chinese junks. In co ...
Expanding Possibilities 375 and the southern ports by the Gulf of Siam, such as Songkla, Ligor and Pattani.^85 The trade with Ch ...
376 Boundaries and Beyond Canton was an equally important embarkation point. In the 1760s, there were around 37 junks of various ...
Expanding Possibilities 377 Alongside the outgoing trade, an increasing number of the Chaozhou people had decided to stay on in ...
378 Boundaries and Beyond to Malacca but ceased operations owing to the strong competition from the Indian traders from British ...
Expanding Possibilities 379 waterway at the southern end of the Jing-Hang Grand Canal. By the early eighteenth century, there we ...
380 Boundaries and Beyond their trade through the Chinese networks, at the very least facilitating British access to China’s ric ...
Expanding Possibilities 381 also took over from those owned by the Fujianese to become the most numerous in Siam.^113 Junks from ...
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