Esoteric Buddhism and the Tantras in East Asia

78 charles d. orzech and henrik h. sørensen The success and ritual importance of the mudrās in esoteric Bud- dhism had a major i ...

. mudrā, mantra, mandala 79 it was the use of dhāraṇīs that eventually led to the develoment of esoteric Buddhism.^12 In contr ...

80 charles d. orzech and henrik h. sørensen The use of spells (zhou , mantra) and dhāran ̣īs (tuoluoni ) have a long history in ...

. mudrā, mantra, mandala 81 Mandala^21 As in the case of mantra the actual origin of ritual diagrams in Indian religion undoubt ...

82 charles d. orzech and henrik h. sørensen Some texts are ambivalent about the difference between altar and mandala. Sometimes ...

. mudrā, mantra, mandala 83 In the later Buddhist tantras the “mandala” takes on an additional meaning, as “spiritual field” or ...

84 charles d. orzech and henrik h. sørensen secrets” the coordinated ritual use of mudrā, mantra, and mandala are already well e ...

. mudrā, mantra, mandala 85 the Buddha and perhaps, eventually, replicate his nirvana.^34 With the development of the Mahāyāna ...

86 charles d. orzech and henrik h. sørensen in the Akanisṭha palace at the summit of the universe as set out in ̣ the Mahāvairo ...

. mudrā, mantra, mandala 87 Devices: Mudrās, Mantras, and Mandalas Mudrās, mantras, and mandalas were potent devices, and these ...

88 charles d. orzech and henrik h. sørensen The “Mandala generated from the womb of great compassion” (Mahākaruṇā garbodhbhava ...

. mudrā, mantra, mandala 89 Color plate 1. Garbhakoṣadhātu maṇḍala, Edo period, Private collection. ...

7. CENTRAL DIVINITIES IN THE ESOTERIC BUDDHIST PANTHEON IN CHINA Henrik H. Sørensen Introduction The Esoteric Buddhist pantheon ...

. central divinities 91 Figure 1. Vairocana of the Mahāvairocana sūtra. Illustration from traditional iconographical manual. Ja ...

92 henrik h. sørensen This change also signaled a shift away from the more earthly, semi- historical locations for the propagati ...

. central divinities 93 Baisajyaguru: Essentially an exoteric divinity, this buddha was incor-̣ porated into the Esoteric Buddh ...

94 henrik h. sørensen Probably due to this fact, there was an iconographic conflation between images of Baisajyaguru and Tejapra ...

. central divinities 95 The Thousand-armed Avalokiteśvara, a popular aspect of the bodhisattva as the personification of great ...

96 henrik h. sørensen Figure 3. Ekādaśamukha Avalokiteśvara. Line-drawing based on Japanese Heian image. ...

. central divinities 97 Figure 4. Cintāmaṇicakra-Avalokiteśvara. Line-drawing based on Japanese Heian image. ...