Resistant Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease
188 opinion a < 140/<90 mmHg goal is recommended. This variability contributes to further confusion about the epidemiology ...
189 African-American patients diagnosed as hypertensive nephropathy [ 14 ]. Since hypertensive nephropathy is most frequently di ...
190 and the motivation of the patient explored. This will save a lot of time and effort for both patient and doctor. In the past ...
191 second step is to adjust the diuretic that patients should be taken before they are diagnosed of resistant hypertension. In ...
192 of chronic kidney disease. Second, patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate below 20 ml/min/1.7 m^2 were not inclu ...
193 Calhoun DA, Jones D, Textor S, et al. Resistant hypertension: diagnosis, evaluation, and treat- ment. A scientific statemen ...
© Springer International Publishing AG 2017 195 A. Covic et al. (eds.), Resistant Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease, DOI 10 ...
196 OSA and Hypertension Studies have consistently supported a role for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) as a risk factor for diurn ...
197 Data from the Sleep Heart Health Study has been less conclusive. This multi- center longitudinal cohort study examining the ...
198 OSA and Resistant HTN The prevalence of unsuspected OSA in patients with resistant hypertension is very high, estimated at 8 ...
199 Sympathetic Activation and Intermittent Hypoxia Sympathetic activation is a key mechanism responsible for the resistant hype ...
200 Tongue Tongue Air Nose Air Nose Soft palate Open airway Epiglottis Soft palate Blocked airway Epiglottis Fig. 13.1 Pathophys ...
201 5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 10 15 20 30 40 50 Apnoea-hypopnoea index Odds ratio Odds ratios Wald 95% confidence intervals 60 7 ...
202 Endothelial Dysfunction Research has supported a relationship between OSA and endothelial dysfunction as measured by forearm ...
203 Respiratory events are characterized as either apneas (defined as a >90% reduc- tion in tidal volume lasting ≥10 s) or hy ...
204 Screening Questionnaires Several questionnaires and clinical prediction rules have been developed to aid in the diagnosis of ...
205 Physical Examination Examination may be normal, or may reveal obesity, a narrow oropharynx, or a large neck circumference, b ...
206 weight and/or adherence. However, a large multicenter double-blind, randomized study employing a sham-CPAP control group dem ...
207 more obese and sleepier patients have more to gain as far as a BP reduction with CPAP use. Another study of non-sleepy patie ...
208 In a large prospective cohort study of nearly 2000 patients studied for over a decade, Marin and colleagues found that compa ...
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