Innovations in Dryland Agriculture
7 tillage methods advocated by Campbell, resulted in the infamous Dust Bowl consid- ered by many as the worst ecological manmade ...
8 concluded as early as 1916 that the once-favored “dust mulch” popularized by H.W. Campbell had to be abandoned (MacEwan 1983 ) ...
9 and Noble was happy with the result. Neighbors and friends came to inspect the fields to satisfy themselves that the weeds had ...
10 The Graham-Hoeme plow and the Noble Blade Cultivator brought an end to the emphasis on deep tillage and dust mulch that was e ...
11 benefits such as preventing capillary action and keeping the soil cooler. Therefore, less intensive tillage and maintaining c ...
12 greatly increased fallow water storage, but residue amounts in excess of 6 Mg ha−^1 were needed to achieve fallow efficiencie ...
13 and keeping the soil covered with crop residues were developed and the term conser- vation tillage was introduced to reflect ...
14 last year's crop residue on the surface before and during planting operations to pro- vide cover for the soil at a critical t ...
15 CA adoption worldwide has increased rapidly in recent years from 2.8 M ha worldwide in 1973/1974 to 6.2 M ha in 1983/1984, 38 ...
16 4.2 Major Crops for Dryland Farming Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was the leading crop in the beginning of dryland farming in ...
17 the late 1800s, reported that 233 units of water were required for one unit of corn dry matter and 338 units for a unit of wh ...
18 wheat with the development of short-straw cultivars. Fischer et al. ( 2014 ) also con- cluded that there is little hard evide ...
19 A graphical model of the water balance for a wide range of climatic conditions (Ponce 1995 ) is presented in Fig. 7. This mod ...
20 crops are produced, the range of values for each of the components becomes con- siderably greater and more variable in drylan ...
21 Others, including Passioura ( 1977 ), French and Schultz ( 1984 ), and Connor et al. ( 2011 ), have developed equations that ...
22 growing season. A possible disadvantage is that less shading of the soil surface might lower the T/ET component so it is reco ...
23 only one crop every two years or two crops in three years to allow for long fallow periods between crops. Conservation bench ...
24 5 Gravel and Plastic Mulches Although the use of crop residues for mulch is the focus of dryland farming, particu- larly on l ...
25 5.1 Future and Challenges of Dryland Farming The challenge for global agriculture in the twenty-first century is to produce 7 ...
26 The American Society of Agronomy ( 1989 ) stated “A sustainable agriculture is one that, over the long term, enhances environ ...
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