Innovations in Dryland Agriculture
149 Table 2 Insect pests of dryland crops, host crops and their mode of damage Common name Scientific name Order: Family Host cr ...
150 Common name Scientific name Order: Family Host crop Mode of damage Sources Weevils Myllocerus discolor B. Coleoptera: Curcul ...
151 Common name Scientific name Order: Family Host crop Mode of damage Sources Sugarcane leafhopper Pyrilla perpusilla W. Hemipt ...
152 feeding. For instance, the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae H.) killed about 750,000 hectares of trees in 2010– ...
153 4.1 Insect Adaptations in Dryland Insects have adapted to survive in dryland conditions through morphological, physi- ologic ...
154 4.2 Drylands as Reservoirs for Potential Insect Pests Indeed, many insect populations are not able to maintain their populat ...
155 Bemisia tabaci G. (Jan et al. 2015 ; Kranthi et al. 2002 ; Martin et al. 2000 ). Similarly, insecticide resistance has been ...
156 Temperature directly affects the survival rate of insects. For example, survival of the brown plant hopper (Nilapavata lugen ...
157 systems) often lacks the alternative food sources—flowers for nectar and pollen as well as shelter—which may natural enemies ...
158 tissue cultures. All have contributed to improved yields, developed resistance to specific diseases and pests, environmental ...
159 tactics. The development of resistance can reduce the effectiveness of insecticidal Bt proteins in transgenic plants. Theref ...
160 2003 ). Therefore, the impact of GM crops needs to be investigated carefully to develop insect management techniques with mi ...
161 agroecosystems (Way and van Emden 2000 ; Samiee et al. 2009 ). In dryland agricul- ture systems, such comprehensive and flex ...
162 bagging, trapping, physical barriers, screening, physical beating, rope dragging, banding, burning, sieving and winnowing, a ...
163 Knowledge of the technology is one of the pillars of IPM. The knowledge of dif- ferent features of any technology that ensur ...
16 4 biology and specific pest management techniques and options used in IPM (Olsen 1997 ; Cartwright et al. 1989 ; Collins et a ...
165 tems and the types and nature of interactions among the various biotic and abi- otic components of ecosystems IPM requires ...
166 developed in the 1950s by entomologists to determine whether the use of insecti- cides was appropriate and economical. EDLs ...
167 pest density. EDLs vary with cultivar, growing location, pest-damaging stage, etc. (Holtzer et al. 1996 ). Along with EDLs, ...
168 ecofriendly, easy and simple to apply and targets specific pest management tech- niques with improved yield potential. It ha ...
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