Innovations in Dryland Agriculture
© Springer International Publishing AG 2016 49 M. Farooq, K.H.M. Siddique (eds.), Innovations in Dryland Agriculture, DOI 10.100 ...
50 population growth occurs in developing countries. A large proportion of these coun- tries is hosted in tropical climates char ...
51 effective way to meet their water needs at a time when alternative sources of water for drinking and agricultural purposes we ...
52 centuries, developed indigenous techniques to harvest rainwater. These methods include Majauba (excavated bund basins for ric ...
53 productivity to land, provide drinking water to both humans and animals, minimize risk in drought-prone areas, increase groun ...
54 (i.e., storm flow in larger gullies). Storage systems collect runoff water at different scales from field to catchment scale ...
55 Catchment area (runoff area) is the part of the land that contributes some or its entire share of rainwater to a target area ...
56 4 Overview of Water Harvesting Techniques The three main categories of water harvesting include microcatchment harvesting, ma ...
57 efficiency can translate 80–90 % of incident rainfall into runoff. Most of the rainwa- ter is only available for a short peri ...
58 collecting water from roofs and construction of suitable storage facilities (Pereira et al. 2002 ). To maintain water quality ...
59 4.2.1 Negarims Negarims are regular squares made of soil bunds turned from the contour to concen- trate water runoff at the l ...
60 4.2.3 Contour Ridges Contour ridges consist of bunds or ridges, constructed along the contour line at an interval of 5–20 m. ...
61 a catchment which produces runoff that collects at the furrow. A cereal crop is planted on the lower side of the furrow and a ...
62 decreasing to 0.2 m at the tips. The technique can be used for trees and grass but it is best suited for row crops where manu ...
63 4.2.6 Bench Terraces Terraces of different types have been extensively and often successfully used in watershed management fo ...
64 Despite several benefits, the use of terraces has decreased in recent years for several reasons: costly to construct and main ...
65 4.2.8 Meskat The Meskat system is the main traditional water harvesting practice widely used in the region of Tunisian Sahel. ...
66 4.3 Floodwater Harvesting Flood flows are a feature of all landscapes, including regions of water scarcity. A large part of t ...
67 water flow harvested either by diversion or spreading within a channel bed/valley floor where runoff is stored in the soil pr ...
68 of southeastern regions of Tunisia and is the foundation of agricultural activities in this zone. The system retains water in ...
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