Karen_A._Mingst,_Ivan_M._Arregu_n-Toft]_Essentia

the Benelux countries (Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg). This functionalist experiment was so successful in boosting coal a ...

Intergovernmental Organ izations 233 In 1986, the most impor tant step was taken in deepening the integration process— the signi ...

Significant EvEntS in thE DEvElopmEnt of thE Eu ro pEan union Year event 1952 EuItaly, Luxembourg, Netherlands, and West Germany ...

Intergovernmental Organ izations 235 played this engine role, with the Council of Ministers ratifying, modifying, or vetoing pro ...

The increasing power of the Eu ro pean Parliament is another change. Since the mid-1980s, the parliament has gained a greater le ...

Intergovernmental Organ izations 237 bers pushed for halting arms sales to Rus sia; France opposed the mea sure. Differences in ...

Other Regional Organ izations: The OAS, the AU, and the League of Arab States For many years, the critical question was whether ...

Intergovernmental Organ izations 239 The newly reconstituted AU is an attempt to give African states an increased abil- ity to r ...

In real ity, today’s more than 240 IGOs seldom act alone. Often they carry out their activities with the cooperation of other in ...

International Law 241 ing the use of force by a government to maintain order. Law provides a mechanism for settling disputes and ...

naval custom evolved into the law of the sea over several hundred years. Sometimes customs become outmoded. For example, the thr ...

International Law 243 agenda. These have included cases concerning maritime disputes, including delimita­ tion of the North Sea ...

exercise judicial or quasi- judicial functions, are part of a group of “new- style” courts.^13 These courts enjoy compulsory jur ...

International Law 245 law reflects what is right. States want to be looked on positively, according to liberal thinking. They wa ...

nongovernmental organ izations Nonstate actors include nongovernmental organ izations (NGOs), transnational net- works, foundati ...

Nongovernmental Organ izations 247 refugees (UN High Commissioner for Refugees) and women and children (UNICEF), among others. D ...

saving whales (through international laws limiting whaling) and in forcing the labeling of “green” (non- environmentally damagin ...

Nongovernmental Organ izations 249 matter analytically, whereas Greenpeace staged a drama to show the effects of envi- ronmental ...

Global PersPectives the act offers workshops to educate NGOs on government development policies. In turn, NGOs are required to s ...

Nongovernmental Organ izations 251 For CritiCal analy sis NGOs are not in de pen dent actors; they exist by consent of host sta ...